Abstract

Background: Glioma is the primary cancer of the central nervous system in adults. Among gliomas, glioblastoma is the most deadly and aggressive form, with an average life span of 1 to 2 years. Despite implementing the rigorous standard care involving maximal surgical removal followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy, the patient prognosis remains poor. Due to the infiltrative nature of glioblastoma, chemo- and radio-resistance behavior of these tumors and lack of potent chemotherapeutic drugs, treatment of glioblastoma is still a big challenge.

Objective: The goal of the present review is to shed some light on the present state of novel strategies, including molecular therapies, immunotherapies, nanotechnology and combination therapies for patients with glioblastoma.

Methods: Peer-reviewed literature was retrieved via Embase, Ovid, PubMed and Google Scholar till the year 2020.

Conclusion: Insufficient effect of chemotherapies for glioblastoma is more likely because of different drug resistance mechanisms and intrinsically complex pathological characteristics. Therefore, more advancement in various therapeutic approaches such as antitumor immune response, targeting growth regulatory and drug resistance pathways, enhancing drug delivery and drug carrier systems are required in order to establish an effective treatment approach for patients with glioblastoma.

Keywords: Glioblastoma, immunotherapy, microRNA, nano-therapy, targeted therapy, viral therapy.

Graphical Abstract