A Review on Catastrophic Evolution of SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV2: A Global Pandemic

Sushmita       Krishnan; Darshini       Subramanian; Sri    Sakthi Priyadarshini    Rajamani
Abstract

The coronaviruses, belonging to the family Coronaviridae, have caused a massive pandemic in December 2019 after their previous outbreaks as SARS-CoV and MERS. The outbreak is believed to have originated from the seafood and live market in the Hubei province of China. The Rhinolophus species are the natural hosts of this virus. This virus caused pneumonia and took away many lives before it was recognized as the novel Coronavirus. Very little information is available about the biology and nature of the novel Coronavirus. This article reviews multiple aspects encompassing its origin, epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, and the global statistics of spread. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the key symptom of this condition. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) helps in the penetration of the virus into the target cells. Deeper research and understanding are essential for the identification of antibodies that inhibit ACE2 and can prevent viral replication. Drug design and control of disease are crucial. In countries like India, where plant diversity is extensive, it is prudent to focus on plant-based alternative drugs. Many attempts have been made to review and curate the drug discovery attempts using immuno-informatic and bioinformatic tools.
Keywords: SARS-COVID-19, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Rhinolophus species, ACE2 receptor, Orf 8 protein, natural drugs.
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