Abstract
Background: More bona fide adjustments aimed at appraising counterparty risks and
financial expenses related to over-the-counter derivative have become indispensable after the European
sovereign debt catastrophe and the 2007/08’s worldwide fiscal crisis. The most notable
measures include DVA, CVA, and FVA.
Methods: This paper advocates the application of the XVA scheme to assess CVA, DVA, and
FVA for managing risk and pricing of financial or OTC derivatives.
Results and Discussion: A foundation formula is formulated and tested against different risk scenarios
of CVA, DVA, FVA, and KVA using cross-referenced data. Practical pieces of advice are
provided for the real industry application of XVA.
Conclusion: Compared to traditional risk management in the financial market where funding risk,
credit risk, and default risk are accounted separately, the approach proposed by the current study
monitors the multiple types of risk in a comprehensive framework and is more practically effective
from a financial operation point of view.
Keywords:
Counterparty risk, CVA, DVA, FVA, KVA, XVA, OTC.
Graphical Abstract
[4]
C. Albanese, C. Marc, and C. Stéphane, Wealth transfers, indifference pricing, and XVA compression schemes. In from Probability to Finance-Lecture Note of BICMR Summer School on Financial Mathematics. Mathematical Lectures from Peking University Series., Springer: Berlin, 2018.
[6]
R. Surujnath, "Off the chain: A guide to blockchain derivatives markets and the implications on systemic risk", Fordham J. Corp. & Fin. L., vol. 22, p. 257, 2017.
[7]
L. Moran, and S. Wilkens, "Capturing initial margin in counterparty risk calculations", J. Risk Management Financial Institutions, vol. 10, pp. 118-129, 2017.
[8]
E. Al-Gamal, and A. Siddiq, "significance of credit risk management in banking industry in yemen: a study", Significance, vol. 5, no. 3, 2019.
[9]
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems.http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs189.pdf
[10]
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Review of the Credit Valuation Adjustment Risk Framework., Consultative Document. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: Basel, 2015.
[11]
N. Beier, "Getting to grips with counterparty risk", McKinsey Working Papers on Risks, 2010.https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/dotcom/client_service/Risk/Working%20papers/20_Getting_Grips_Counterparty_Risk.ashx
[12]
S. Crépey, XVA: About CVA, DVA, FVA and other market adjustments preprint of opinion and debates num, 5, June 2014.
[17]
Y. Gündüz, "Mitigating counterparty risk", Available at SSRN 2654591, 2018.
[19]
A. Kondratyev, and G. Giorgidze, Evolutionary algos for optimising MVA., Risk Magazine, 2017.https://www.risk.net/cutting-edge/banking/5374321/evolutionary-algos-for-optimising-mva
[20]
P. Leone, M. Proietti, P. Porretta, and G.A. Vento, OTC derivatives and counterparty credit risk mitigation: The OIS discounting framework, Liquidity Risk, Efficiency and New Bank Business Models., Palgrave Macmillan: Cham, pp. 57-91, 2016.
[24]
PwC, XVA Explained., 2015.https://www.pwc.com.au/pdf/xva-explained.pdf