Abstract

Aims: Internet of Things (IoT) is the evolution of the Internet designed to sense, collect, analyze and distribute the data via IoT devices that form its core component. An important aspect of pervasive IoT applications is its resource-constrained devices. Most of the real-time Edge-IoT applications generate a huge amount of data, which add to the resource consumption in these devices. To save resources in such applications, efficient node deployment and data aggregation techniques can be used. This paper presents the design and modeling of node deployment and data aggregation in Edge-IoT applications along with the homogeneous and heterogeneous network scenarios for smart agriculture.

Objectives: To save resources in such applications, efficient node deployment and data aggregation techniques can be used. This paper presents the design and modeling of node deployment and data aggregation in Edge-IoT applications along with the homogeneous and heterogeneous network scenarios for smart agriculture.

Methods: For heterogeneous scenarios, we propose a clustering approach, Superior Aggregator Resource Efficient Clustering (SAREC), to address the resource constraints in pervasive Edge-IoT applications. The comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous networks is based on LEACH and SAREC protocols, respectively.

Results: The results show that SAREC is 25% more efficient in energy utilization and network lifetime than LEACH. The results also show that SAREC is more efficient in terms of storage and processing time as compared to LEACH.

Conclusion: Node deployment is an important aspect in determining the architecture, which plays an important role in resource management in pervasive applications of IoT. The IoT nodes are distributed in a selected geographical location and the topology of the network is pre-decided to form an Edge-IoT network. In such an environment, the nodes are deployed to sense, aggregate and analyze the data. This paper presents a pervasive Edge-IoT network along with the mathematical modeling consisting of deployment and aggregation models. An Edge-IoT network for smart agriculture has been deployed and analysis of resource utilization has been performed in homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios of the network. The resource limitations in pervasive IoT network motivated us to develop a SAREC approach for such Edge-IoT applications that optimizes the use of resources. The comparison of the proposed SAREC protocol is made with respect to LEACH protocol on the basis of energy, network lifetime, number of alive nodes, storage and processing time. The results show that SAREC protocol is 25% more efficient in energy utilization and network lifetime than LEACH. It is also evident from the results that the SAREC is more efficient in terms of storage and processing time as compared to LEACH.

Keywords: Internet of things, resource-constraints, pervasive, data aggregation, node deployment, edge-IoT.

Graphical Abstract