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Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Author(s): Panagiotis Theodosis-Nobelos, Georgios Papagiouvannis and Eleni A. Rekka*

DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807132617

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A Review on Vitamin E Natural Analogues and on the Design of Synthetic Vitamin E Derivatives as Cytoprotective Agents

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Abstract

Vitamin E, essential for human health, is widely used worldwide for therapeutic or dietary reasons. The differences in the metabolism and excretion of the multiple vitamin E forms are presented in this review. The important steps that influence the kinetics of each form and the distribution and processing of vitamin E forms by the liver are considered. The antioxidant as well as non-antioxidant properties of vitamin E forms are discussed. Finally, synthetic tocopherol and trolox derivatives, based on the design of multitarget directed compounds, are reviewed. It is demonstrated that selected derivatization of vitamin E or trolox structures can produce improved antioxidants, agents against cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.

Keywords: Vitamin E, tocopherols, tocotrienols, metabolism, transport, antioxidants, trolox, synthetic analogues.

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