Generic placeholder image

Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia

Author(s): Enas M. Hadi* and Khulood H. Yousif

DOI: 10.2174/2210681210999200721005226

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Purifying Crude Petroleum by Using Porous Ceramic Balls

Page: [330 - 338] Pages: 9

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Background: In this study ceramic crude petroleum filter was prepared from Iraqi White Kaolin with ratio (70%) and Alumina (Al2O3) with ratio (30%), with natural additives Palm Frond with ratios (5, 10, 15, 25, 35 and 45)% in different partical size to produce pores, formed by dry pressing then fairing at 1100(˚C). The filters are harmless and environmentally friendly materials. Some assessments were carried out, such as (apparent porosity ratio, water absorption ratio, and apparent density). From the test results obtained the apparent porosity was 60.7%, water absorption was 89.3% and an apparent density of 0.68% with a 45% ratio of fine (P.F).

Methods: Size and distribution of pores were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The crude petroleum treated with filters evaluated by tests such as (API Gravity, Sulfur Content, Asphaltenes Content, and Metallic Content).

Results: The result of API Gravity before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 24.70 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30% (P.F) increase to 31.0 and reach to 32.5 after immersion for 14 days. Sulfur Content before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 3.76 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30% (P.F) decrease down to 3.1 and reach to 2.6 after immersion for 14 days.

Conclusion: So Asphaltenes content before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 6.68 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days 30 % (P.F) decreased down to 2 and reach to 1.6 after immersion for 14 days, metallic contact such as Vanadium and Nickel before immersion crude petroleum filter balls respectively was 86 ppm, 32 ppm while after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days they become 53.26 ppm and 15.35 ppm and for 14 days they reached to 47.52 ppm and 11.43 ppm respectively.

Keywords: Crude petroleum, ceramic filter, natural additive, alumina, vanadium, nickel, asphaltenes, sulfur.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Pabby, A.; Rizvi, S.; Requena, A. Handbook of membrane separations: chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnological applications; CRC press: USA, 2008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420009484]
[2]
Chandler, M. Ceramics in the Modern World; Doubleday: New York, 1967.
[3]
Richerson, D. Modern Ceramic Engineering: Properties, Processing, and Use in Design; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1982.
[4]
Gonzenbach, U.; Studart, A.; Tervoort, E.; Gauckler, L. Macroporous ceramics from particle‐stabilized wet foams. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 90, 16.
[5]
International, A.S.M. Properties and Selection: Iron, Steel, and High-Performance Alloys;; ASM Handbook: Rusell Township, OH, 1990, 01, .
[6]
Bolton, M. Rural Water Filter; Good Design Energy Systems: Chicago, 2009.
[7]
Gary, J.; Handwerk, G. Petroleum Refining, Technology & Economics, 4th ed; Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780824745172]
[8]
Speight, J. The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, 2nd ed; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1999.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203909928]
[9]
Speight, J.; Ozum, B. Petroleum Refining Processes; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2002.
[10]
Jones, M.; Hardy, R. Petroleum ash components and their effect on refractories. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1952, 44, 2615.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50515a040]
[11]
Gruse, W.; Stevens, D. Chemical Technology of Petroleum, 3rd ed; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, 1960, p. 16.
[12]
Emam, E. Clays as catalysts in petroleum refining industry. ARPN J. Sci. Tech., 2013, 3(4), 356-375.
[13]
Emam, E. Modified activated carbon and bentonite used to adsorb petroleum hydrocarbons emulsified in aqueous solution. American J. Environ. Prot. (Irvine Calif.), 2013, 2(6), 161-169.
[14]
Alyaa, M. Thesis of masters of Science in Chemical Engineering/Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industries degree of University of Technology 2015.
[15]
Gawande, P. Review on research for desulphurization of diesel by adsorption. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., 2016, 3(12), 337-340.
[16]
Wan, M.; Sychoi, A.; Park, H.; Roces, S.; Dugas, N. A comprehensive review on strength properties for making Alccofine based high performance concrete. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Tech., 2017, 5(3), 72-75.
[17]
Dudasova, D.; Simon, S.; Hemmingsen, P.; Sjöblom, J. Study of asphaltenes adsorption onto different minerals and clays: Part 1. Experimental adsorption with UV depletion detection. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2008, 317, 1-9.
[18]
Bantignies, J. Asphaltene adsorption on kaolinite characterized by infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 1998, 233-237.
[19]
Kukwa, D.; Ikyereve, R.; Ikese, C. Kinetics of nickel and vanadium adsorption from crude oil onto NH4Cl-modified primitive clay. Int. J. Eng. Sci., 2014, 3(4), 13-20.
[20]
Kukwa, D.; Ikyereve, R.; Adejo, S.; Ikese, C. A Review of silver nanoparticles: Synthesis methods, properties and applications. Chem. Mater. Res., 2014, 6(4), 115-121.