Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes can affect the organ systems and lead to serious complications, majorly categorized as macrovascular complications, microvascular complications, and diabetic wounds. Foot ulcer develops in 15-25% diabetic patients. In diabetic wound, there is an impairment in growth factor, neuropeptide, matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis, and immune system. Many approaches are being experimented to manage this major complication of diabetic foot, but unfortunately with lower success rate. Stem cell is an upcoming field which is being explored in the world of diabetes. Hence, this review is designed to understand the basic pathogenesis and complications of types of diabetes and the role of stem cells in a diabetic wound and the benefits related to it.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, foot ulcer, stem cells, angiogenesis, therapy.