Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Author(s): Xiaochen Jia, Mijanur R. Rajib and Heng Yin*

DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200617165915

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture

Page: [3508 - 3521] Pages: 14

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Explore Articles
About Journal
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers

Abstract

Background: Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years.

Objective: Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.

Keywords: Chitin, chitosan, oligosaccharides, plant immunity, defense response, polysaccharides.

[1]
Ali M, Cheng ZH, Ahmad H, Hayat S. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as defenses against a broad range of plant fungal infections and case study on ROS employed by crops against Verticillium dahliae wilts. J Plant Interact 2018; 13: 353-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1484188]
[2]
Raymaekers K, Ponet L, Holtappels D, Berckmans B, Cammue BPA. Screening for novel biocontrol agents applicable in plant disease management - A review. Biol Control 2020; 144, 104240
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104240]
[3]
Covo S. Genomic instability in fungal plant pathogens. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11(4): 11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040421] [PMID: 32295266]
[4]
Berg G. Plant-microbe interactions promoting plant growth and health: perspectives for controlled use of microorganisms in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84(1): 11-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2092-7] [PMID: 19568745]
[5]
Spence CA, Lakshmanan V, Donofrio N, Bais HP. Crucial roles of abscisic acid biogenesis in virulence of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6: 1082.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.01082] [PMID: 26648962]
[6]
Silva MS, Arraes FBM, Campos MA, et al. Review: Potential biotechnological assets related to plant immunity modulation applicable in engineering disease-resistant crops. Plant Sci 2018; 270: 72-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.013] [PMID: 29576088]
[7]
Conrath U. Molecular aspects of defence priming. Trends Plant Sci 2011; 16(10): 524-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2011.06.004] [PMID: 21782492]
[8]
de Vega D, Newton AC, Sadanandom A. Post-translational modifications in priming the plant immune system: ripe for exploitation? FEBS Lett 2018; 592(12): 1929-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13076] [PMID: 29710412]
[9]
Kutschera A, Ranf S. The multifaceted functions of lipopolysaccharide in plant-bacteria interactions. Biochimie 2019; 159: 93-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.028] [PMID: 30077817]
[10]
Seo JS, Diloknawarit P, Park BS, Chua NH. ELF18-INDUCED LONG NONCODING RNA 1 evicts fibrillarin from mediator subunit to enhance PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) expression. New Phytol 2019; 221(4): 2067-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15530] [PMID: 30307032]
[11]
Mukhtar Ahmed KB, Khan MMA, Siddiqui H, Jahan A. Chitosan and its oligosaccharides, a promising option for sustainable crop production- a review. Carbohydr Polym 2020,. 227115331
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115331] [PMID: 31590878]
[12]
Desaki Y, Kohari M, Shibuya N, Kaku H. MAMP-triggered plant immunity mediated by the LysM-receptor kinase CERK1. J Gen Plant Pathol 2019; 85: 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-018-0828-x]
[13]
Ifuku S. Chitin and chitosan nanofibers: preparation and chemical modifications. Molecules 2014; 19(11): 18367-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules191118367] [PMID: 25393598]
[14]
Zhang Y, Foster JM, Nelson LS, Ma D, Carlow CKS. The chitin synthase genes chs-1 and chs-2 are essential for C. elegans development and responsible for chitin deposition in the eggshell and pharynx, respectively. Dev Biol 2005; 285(2): 330-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.06.037] [PMID: 16098962]
[15]
Ehrlich H, Krautter M, Hanke T, et al. First evidence of the presence of chitin in skeletons of marine sponges. Part II. Glass sponges (Hexactinellida: Porifera). J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol 2007; 308(4): 473-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21174] [PMID: 17520693]
[16]
Ehrlich H, Maldonado M, Spindler KD, et al. First evidence of chitin as a component of the skeletal fibers of marine sponges. Part I. Verongidae (demospongia: Porifera). J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol 2007; 308(4): 347-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21156] [PMID: 17285638]
[17]
Shinya T, Nakagawa T, Kaku H, Shibuya N. Chitin-mediated plant-fungal interactions: catching, hiding and handshaking. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2015; 26: 64-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.032] [PMID: 26116978]
[18]
Chaliha C, Rugen MD, Field RA, Kalita E. Glycans as modulators of plant defense against filamentous pathogens. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9: 928.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00928] [PMID: 30022987]
[19]
Gao F, Zhang BS, Zhao JH, et al. Deacetylation of chitin oligomers increases virulence in soil-borne fungal pathogens. Nat Plants 2019; 5(11): 1167-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0527-4] [PMID: 31636399]
[20]
Liu X, Cooper AMW, Zhang J, Zhu KY. Biosynthesis, modifications and degradation of chitin in the formation and turnover of peritrophic matrix in insects. J Insect Physiol 2019; 114: 109-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.03.006] [PMID: 30902530]
[21]
Hadwiger LA. Multiple effects of chitosan on plant systems: solid science or hype. Plant Sci 2013; 208: 42-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.03.007] [PMID: 23683928]
[22]
Lopez-Moya F, Suarez-Fernandez M, Lopez-Llorca LV. Molecular mechanisms of chitosan interactions with fungi and plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20(2): 20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020332] [PMID: 30650540]
[23]
Yuan X, Zheng J, Jiao S, et al. A review on the preparation of chitosan oligosaccharides and application to human health, animal husbandry and agricultural production. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220: 60-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.050] [PMID: 31196551]
[24]
Yin H, Du Y, Dong Z. Chitin oligosaccharide and chitosan oligosaccharide: Two similar but different plant elicitors. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7: 522.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00522] [PMID: 27148339]
[25]
Rahman MA, Halfar J. First evidence of chitin in calcified coralline algae: new insights into the calcification process of Clathromorphum compactum. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06162] [PMID: 25145331]
[26]
Xu SY, Huang X, Cheong KL. Recent advances in marine algae polysaccharides: isolation, structure, and activities. Mar Drugs 2017; 15(12): 15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md15120388] [PMID: 29236064]
[27]
Said Al Hoqani HA, Al-Shaqsi N, Hossain MA, Al Sibani MA. Isolation and optimization of the method for industrial production of chitin and chitosan from Omani shrimp shell. Carbohydr Res 2020; 492108001
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2020.108001] [PMID: 32259704]
[28]
Kovalchuk V, Voronkina A, Binnewerg B, et al. Naturally drug-loaded chitin: isolation and applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17(10): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17100574] [PMID: 31658704]
[29]
Varun TK, Senani S, Kumar N, Gautam M, Gupta R, Gupta M. Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides from crab shell waste. Indian J Anim Res 2017; 51: 1066-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8456]
[30]
Yang L, Zhao P, Wang L, Filippus I, Meng X. Synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on inhibition of Monilinia fructicola infections. J Sci Food Agric 2010; 90(4): 630-4.
[PMID: 20355091]
[31]
Adnan S, Ranjha NM, Hanif M, Asghar S. O-Carboxymethylated chitosan; A promising tool with in-vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in albino rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156: 531-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.038] [PMID: 32289409]
[32]
Alizadeh N, Malakzadeh S. Antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of β-and γ-CDs/curcumin loaded in chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147: 778-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.206] [PMID: 31982535]
[33]
Rendina N, Nuzzaci M, Scopa A, Cuypers A, Sofo A. Chitosan-elicited defense responses in Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected tomato plants. J Plant Physiol 2019; 234-235: 9-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.003] [PMID: 30640158]
[34]
Bautista-Banos S, Hernandez-Lauzardo AN, Velazquez-del Valle MG, et al. Chitosan as a potential natural compound to control pre and postharvest diseases of horticultural commodities. Crop Prot 2006; 25: 108-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.010]
[35]
Feliziani E, Santini M, Landi L, Romanazzi G. Pre- and postharvest treatment with alternatives to synthetic fungicides to control postharvest decay of sweet cherry. Postharvest Biol Technol 2013; 78: 133-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.12.004]
[36]
Dewen Q, Yijie D, Yi Z, Shupeng L, Fachao S. Plant immunity inducer development and application. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2017; 30(5): 355-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-11-16-0231-CR] [PMID: 28323528]
[37]
Zheng F, Chen L, Zhang P, Zhou J, Lu X, Tian W. Carbohydrate polymers exhibit great potential as effective elicitors in organic agriculture: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020,. 230115637
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115637] [PMID: 31887887]
[38]
Poshina DN, Raik SV, Poshin AN, Skorik YA. Accessibility of chitin and chitosan in enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Polym Degrad Stabil 2018; 156: 269-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.005]
[39]
Aktuganov GE, Melentiev AI, Varlamov VP. Biotechnological aspects of the enzymatic preparation of bioactive chitooligosaccharides. Appl Biochem Microbiol 2019; 55: 323-43. [Review].
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0003683819040021]
[40]
Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ. Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response. Cell 2006; 124(4): 803-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.008] [PMID: 16497589]
[41]
Segonzac C, Zipfel C. Activation of plant pattern-recognition receptors by bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14(1): 54-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2010.12.005] [PMID: 21215683]
[42]
Noman A, Aqeel M, Lou Y. PRRs and NB-LRRs: from signal perception to activation of plant innate immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20(8): 1882.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081882] [PMID: 30995767]
[43]
Robatzek S, Bittel P, Chinchilla D, et al. Molecular identification and characterization of the tomato flagellin receptor LeFLS2, an orthologue of Arabidopsis FLS2 exhibiting characteristically different perception specificities. Plant Mol Biol 2007; 64(5): 539-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-007-9173-8] [PMID: 17530419]
[44]
Robatzek S, Chinchilla D, Boller T. Ligand-induced endocytosis of the pattern recognition receptor FLS2 in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev 2006; 20(5): 537-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.366506] [PMID: 16510871]
[45]
Bacete L, Mélida H, Miedes E, Molina A. Plant cell wall-mediated immunity: cell wall changes trigger disease resistance responses. Plant J 2018; 93(4): 614-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13807] [PMID: 29266460]
[46]
Akcapinar GB, Kappel L, Sezerman OU, Seidl-Seiboth V. Molecular diversity of LysM carbohydrate-binding motifs in fungi. Curr Genet 2015; 61(2): 103-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-014-0471-9] [PMID: 25589417]
[47]
Shibuya N, Kaku H, Kuchitsu K, Maliarik MJ. Identification of a novel high-affinity binding site for N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the membrane fraction from suspension-cultured rice cells. FEBS Lett 1993; 329(1-2): 75-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(93)80197-3] [PMID: 8354412]
[48]
Shibuya N, Ebisu N, Kamada Y, Kaku H, Cohn J, Ito Y. Localization and binding characteristics of a high-affinity binding site for N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the plasma membrane from suspension-cultured rice cells suggest a role as a receptor for the elicitor signal at the cell surface. Plant Cell Physiol 1996; 37: 894-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029030]
[49]
Ito Y, Kaku H, Shibuya N. Identification of a high-affinity binding protein for N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the plasma membrane of suspension-cultured rice cells by affinity labeling. Plant J 1997; 12(2): 347-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.12020347.x] [PMID: 9301087]
[50]
Okada M, Matsumura M, Shibuya N. Identification of a high-affinity binding protein for N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the plasma membrane from rice leaf and root cells. J Plant Physiol 2001; 158: 121-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00231]
[51]
Okada M, Matsumura M, Ito Y, Shibuya N. High-affinity binding proteins for N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the plasma membranes from wheat, barley and carrot cells: conserved presence and correlation with the responsiveness to the elicitor. Plant Cell Physiol 2002; 43(5): 505-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcf060] [PMID: 12040097]
[52]
Kaku H, Nishizawa Y, Ishii-Minami N, et al. Plant cells recognize chitin fragments for defense signaling through a plasma membrane receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103(29): 11086-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508882103] [PMID: 16829581]
[53]
Lohmann GV, Shimoda Y, Nielsen MW, et al. Evolution and regulation of the Lotus japonicus LysM receptor gene family. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2010; 23(4): 510-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-23-4-0510] [PMID: 20192837]
[54]
Kouzai Y, Nakajima K, Hayafune M, et al. CEBiP is the major chitin oligomer-binding protein in rice and plays a main role in the perception of chitin oligomers. Plant Mol Biol 2014; 84(4-5): 519-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-013-0149-6] [PMID: 24173912]
[55]
Shimizu T, Nakano T, Takamizawa D, et al. Two LysM receptor molecules, CEBiP and OsCERK1, cooperatively regulate chitin elicitor signaling in rice. Plant J 2010; 64(2): 204-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04324.x] [PMID: 21070404]
[56]
Liu S, Wang J, Han Z, Gong X, Zhang H, Chai J. Molecular mechanism for fungal cell wall recognition by rice chitin receptor OsCEBiP. Structure 2016; 24(7): 1192-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2016.04.014] [PMID: 27238968]
[57]
Kouzai Y, Mochizuki S, Nakajima K, et al. Targeted gene disruption of OsCERK1 reveals its indispensable role in chitin perception and involvement in the peptidoglycan response and immunity in rice. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2014; 27(9): 975-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-03-14-0068-R] [PMID: 24964058]
[58]
Liu B, Li JF, Ao Y, et al. Lysin motif-containing proteins LYP4 and LYP6 play dual roles in peptidoglycan and chitin perception in rice innate immunity. Plant Cell 2012; 24(8): 3406-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.112.102475] [PMID: 22872757]
[59]
Liu B, Li JF, Ao Y, et al. OsLYP4 and OsLYP6 play critical roles in rice defense signal transduction. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8(2) e22980
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.22980] [PMID: 23299421]
[60]
Ao Y, Li Z, Feng D, et al. OsCERK1 and OsRLCK176 play important roles in peptidoglycan and chitin signaling in rice innate immunity. Plant J 2014; 80(6): 1072-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12710] [PMID: 25335639]
[61]
Miya A, Albert P, Shinya T, et al. CERK1, a LysM receptor kinase, is essential for chitin elicitor signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104(49): 19613-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705147104] [PMID: 18042724]
[62]
Iizasa E, Mitsutomi M, Nagano Y. Direct binding of a plant LysM receptor-like kinase, LysM RLK1/CERK1, to chitin in vitro. J Biol Chem 2010; 285(5): 2996-3004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.027540] [PMID: 19951949]
[63]
Petutschnig EK, Jones AME, Serazetdinova L, Lipka U, Lipka V. The lysin motif receptor-like kinase (LysM-RLK) CERK1 is a major chitin-binding protein in Arabidopsis thaliana and subject to chitin-induced phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285(37): 28902-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.116657] [PMID: 20610395]
[64]
Liu T, Liu Z, Song C, et al. Chitin-induced dimerization activates a plant immune receptor. Science 2012; 336(6085): 1160-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1218867] [PMID: 22654057]
[65]
Cao Y, Liang Y, Tanaka K, et al. The kinase LYK5 is a major chitin receptor in Arabidopsis and forms a chitin-induced complex with related kinase CERK1. eLife 2014; 3: 3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03766] [PMID: 25340959]
[66]
Tanaka K, Nguyen CT, Liang Y, Cao Y, Stacey G. Role of LysM receptors in chitin-triggered plant innate immunity. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8(1) e22598
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.22598] [PMID: 23221760]
[67]
Erwig J, Ghareeb H, Kopischke M, et al. Chitin-induced and CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1) phosphorylation-dependent endocytosis of Arabidopsis thaliana LYSIN MOTIF-CONTAINING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE5 (LYK5). New Phytol 2017; 215(1): 382-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14592] [PMID: 28513921]
[68]
Xue DX, Li CL, Xie ZP, Staehelin C. LYK4 is a component of a tripartite chitin receptor complex in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2019; 70(19): 5507-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz313] [PMID: 31270545]
[69]
Desaki Y, Miyata K, Suzuki M, Shibuya N, Kaku H. Plant immunity and symbiosis signaling mediated by LysM receptors. Innate Immun 2018; 24(2): 92-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425917738885] [PMID: 29105533]
[70]
Shinya T, Motoyama N, Ikeda A, et al. Functional characterization of CEBiP and CERK1 homologs in arabidopsis and rice reveals the presence of different chitin receptor systems in plants. Plant Cell Physiol 2012; 53(10): 1696-706.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcs113] [PMID: 22891159]
[71]
Faulkner C, Petutschnig E, Benitez-Alfonso Y, et al. LYM2-dependent chitin perception limits molecular flux via plasmodesmata. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013; 110(22): 9166-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203458110] [PMID: 23674687]
[72]
Héloir MC, Adrian M, Brulé D, et al. Recognition of elicitors in grapevine: from MAMP and DAMP perception to induced resistance. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10: 1117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01117] [PMID: 31620151]
[73]
Brulé D, Villano C, Davies LJ, et al. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) LysM receptor kinases VvLYK1-1 and VvLYK1-2 mediate chitooligosaccharide-triggered immunity. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17(4): 812-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13017] [PMID: 30256508]
[74]
Kelly S, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J. Legume LysM receptors mediate symbiotic and pathogenic signalling. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2017; 39: 152-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.013] [PMID: 28787662]
[75]
Zhang XC, Wu X, Findley S, et al. Molecular evolution of lysin motif-type receptor-like kinases in plants. Plant Physiol 2007; 144(2): 623-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.097097] [PMID: 17449649]
[76]
Bozsoki Z, Cheng J, Feng F, et al. Receptor-mediated chitin perception in legume roots is functionally separable from Nod factor perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2017; 114(38): E8118-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706795114] [PMID: 28874587]
[77]
Lee WS, Rudd JJ, Hammond-Kosack KE, Kanyuka K. Mycosphaerella graminicola LysM effector-mediated stealth pathogenesis subverts recognition through both CERK1 and CEBiP homologues in wheat. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2014; 27(3): 236-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-07-13-0201-R] [PMID: 24073880]
[78]
Long SR. Rhizobium symbiosis: nod factors in perspective. Plant Cell 1996; 8(10): 1885-98.
[PMID: 8914326]
[79]
Kawaharada Y, Kelly S, Nielsen MW, et al. Receptor-mediated exopolysaccharide perception controls bacterial infection. Nature 2015; 523(7560): 308-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14611] [PMID: 26153863]
[80]
Radutoiu S, Madsen LH, Madsen EB, et al. Plant recognition of symbiotic bacteria requires two LysM receptor-like kinases. Nature 2003; 425(6958): 585-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02039] [PMID: 14534578]
[81]
Shiu SH, Karlowski WM, Pan R, Tzeng YH, Mayer KFX, Li WH. Comparative analysis of the receptor-like kinase family in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Cell 2004; 16(5): 1220-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.020834] [PMID: 15105442]
[82]
Yamaguchi K, Yamada K, Ishikawa K, et al. A receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase targeted by a plant pathogen effector is directly phosphorylated by the chitin receptor and mediates rice immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13(3): 347-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.02.007] [PMID: 23498959]
[83]
Li Z, Ao Y, Feng D, et al. OsRLCK 57, OsRLCK107 and OsRLCK118 positively regulate chitin- and PGN-induced immunity in rice. Rice (N Y) 2017; 10(1): 6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12284-017-0145-6] [PMID: 28220451]
[84]
Akamatsu A, Wong HL, Fujiwara M, et al. An OsCEBiP/OsCERK1-OsRacGEF1-OsRac1 module is an essential early component of chitin-induced rice immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13(4): 465-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.007] [PMID: 23601108]
[85]
Zhang J, Li W, Xiang T, et al. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases integrate signaling from multiple plant immune receptors and are targeted by a Pseudomonas syringae effector. Cell Host Microbe 2010; 7(4): 290-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2010.03.007] [PMID: 20413097]
[86]
Laluk K, Luo H, Chai M, Dhawan R, Lai Z, Mengiste T. Biochemical and genetic requirements for function of the immune response regulator BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 in plant growth, ethylene signaling, and PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2011; 23(8): 2831-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.087122] [PMID: 21862710]
[87]
Lu D, Wu S, Gao X, Zhang Y, Shan L, He P. A receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, BIK1, associates with a flagellin receptor complex to initiate plant innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107(1): 496-501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909705107] [PMID: 20018686]
[88]
Shinya T, Yamaguchi K, Desaki Y, et al. Selective regulation of the chitin-induced defense response by the Arabidopsis receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase PBL27. Plant J 2014; 79(1): 56-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12535] [PMID: 24750441]
[89]
Yamada K, Yamaguchi K, Shirakawa T, et al. The Arabidopsis CERK1-associated kinase PBL27 connects chitin perception to MAPK activation. EMBO J 2016; 35(22): 2468-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.201694248] [PMID: 27679653]
[90]
Wang C, Wang G, Zhang C, et al. OsCERK1-mediated chitin perception and immune signaling requires receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 185 to activate an MAPK cascade in rice. Mol Plant 2017; 10(4): 619-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.006] [PMID: 28111288]
[91]
Yamada K, Yamaguchi K, Yoshimura S, Terauchi A, Kawasaki T. Conservation of chitin-induced MAPK signaling pathways in rice and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58(6): 993-1002.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcx042] [PMID: 28371870]
[92]
Pusztahelyi T. Chitin and chitin-related compounds in plant-fungal interactions. Mycology 2018; 9(3): 189-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2018.1473299] [PMID: 30181925]
[93]
Chen HP, Xu LL. Isolation and characterization of a novel chitosan-binding protein from non-heading Chinese cabbage leaves. J Integr Plant Biol 2005; 47: 452-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00022.x]
[94]
Liénart Y, Gautier C, Domard A. Isolation from Rubus cell-suspension cultures of a lectin specific for glucosamine oligomers. Planta 1991; 184(1): 8-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208229] [PMID: 24193922]
[95]
Liu D, Jiao S, Cheng G, et al. Identification of chitosan oligosaccharides binding proteins from the plasma membrane of wheat leaf cell. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111: 1083-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.113] [PMID: 29366891]
[96]
Povero G, Loreti E, Pucciariello C, et al. Transcript profiling of chitosan-treated Arabidopsis seedlings. J Plant Res 2011; 124(5): 619-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-010-0399-1] [PMID: 21240536]
[97]
Hadwiger LA. Anatomy of a nonhost disease resistance response of pea to Fusarium solani: PR gene elicitation via DNase, chitosan and chromatin alterations. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6: 373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00373] [PMID: 26124762]
[98]
Hadwiger LA, Tanaka K. Non-host Resistance: DNA damage is associated with SA signaling for induction of PR genes and contributes to the growth suppression of a pea pathogen on pea endocarp tissue. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8: 446.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00446] [PMID: 28421088]
[99]
Carvalho-Cruz P, Alisson-Silva F, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. Cellular glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2018; 247(3): 481-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24553] [PMID: 28722313]
[100]
Zhang HY, Yin H, Jin GJ. Function of nitric oxide in chitosan oligosaccharide-induced resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. Int J Agric Biol 2019; 21: 85-92.
[101]
Ahmad S, Gordon-Weeks R, Pickett J, Ton J. Natural variation in priming of basal resistance: from evolutionary origin to agricultural exploitation. Mol Plant Pathol 2010; 11(6): 817-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00645.x] [PMID: 21029325]
[102]
Conrath U. Priming of induced plant defense responses. Plant Innate Immunity 2009; 51: 361-95.
[103]
Luna E, Bruce TJA, Roberts MR, Flors V, Ton J. Next-generation systemic acquired resistance. Plant Physiol 2012; 158(2): 844-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.187468] [PMID: 22147520]
[104]
Hilker M, Schwachtje J, Baier M, et al. Priming and memory of stress responses in organisms lacking a nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 91(4): 1118-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12215] [PMID: 26289992]
[105]
Hake K, Romeis T. Protein kinase-mediated signalling in priming: Immune signal initiation, propagation, and establishment of long-term pathogen resistance in plants. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42(3): 904-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13429] [PMID: 30151921]
[106]
Conrath U, Beckers GJM, Flors V, et al. Prime-A-Plant Group. Priming: getting ready for battle. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2006; 19(10): 1062-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-19-1062] [PMID: 17022170]
[107]
Tugizimana F, Mhlongo MI, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Metabolomics in plant priming research: The way forward? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19(6): 19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061759] [PMID: 29899301]
[108]
Aranega-Bou P. de la O Leyva M, Finiti I, García-Agustín P, González-Bosch C. Priming of plant resistance by natural compounds. Hexanoic acid as a model. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5: 488.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00488] [PMID: 25324848]
[109]
Xu Y, Charles MT, Luo Z, et al. Ultraviolet-C priming of strawberry leaves against subsequent Mycosphaerella fragariae infection involves the action of reactive oxygen species, plant hormones, and terpenes. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42(3): 815-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13491] [PMID: 30481398]
[110]
Martínez-Medina A, Van Wees SCM, Pieterse CMJ. Airborne signals from Trichoderma fungi stimulate iron uptake responses in roots resulting in priming of jasmonic acid-dependent defences in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40(11): 2691-705.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13016] [PMID: 28667819]
[111]
Meng Q, Gupta R, Min CW, et al. A proteomic insight into the MSP1 and flg22 induced signaling in Oryza sativa leaves. J Proteomics 2019; 196: 120-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.015] [PMID: 29970347]
[112]
Jia X, Qin H, Bose SK, et al. Proteomics analysis reveals the defense priming effect of chitosan oligosaccharides in Arabidopsis-Pst DC3000 interaction. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 149: 301-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.037] [PMID: 32120172]
[113]
Yang AM, Yu L, Chen Z, et al. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of chitosan oligosaccharide-treated rice infected with southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Viruses-Basel 2017; p. 9.
[114]
Ma B, Wang JH, Liu CZ, et al. Preventive effects of fluoro-substituted benzothiadiazole derivatives and chitosan oligosaccharide against the rice seedling blight induced by fusarium oxysporum. Plants-Basel 2019; p. 8.
[115]
Chen XL, Xie X, Wu L, et al. Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in rice (Oryza sativa) after treatment with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) elicitors. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9: 1064.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01064] [PMID: 30083178]
[116]
Narula K, Elagamey E, Abdellatef MAE, et al. Chitosan-triggered immunity to Fusarium in chickpea is associated with changes in the plant extracellular matrix architecture, stomatal closure and remodelling of the plant metabolome and proteome The Plant journal: for cell and molecular biology 2020.
[117]
Elagamey E, Narula K, Sinha A, et al. Quantitative extracellular matrix proteomics suggests cell wall reprogramming in host-specific immunity during vascular wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum in chickpea. Proteomics 2017; 17(23-24): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201600374] [PMID: 29144021]
[118]
Lucini L, Baccolo G, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Bavaresco L, Trevisan M. Chitosan treatment elicited defence mechanisms, pentacyclic triterpenoids and stilbene accumulation in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) bunches. Phytochemistry 2018; 156: 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.011] [PMID: 30149150]
[119]
Liu XX, Shao JH, Tang HS, et al. Sugarcane proteomic responses to chitosan oligomers promoting photosynthesis. J Biobased Mater Bioenergy 2018; 12: 311-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2018.1776]
[120]
He YQ, Bose SK, Wang MY, Liu TM. Wang Wx, Lu H, Yin H. Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides postharvest treatment on the quality and ripening related gene expression of cultivated strawberry fruits. J Berry Res 2019; 9: 11-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JBR-180307]
[121]
Vasconcelos MW. Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide utilization in phytoremediation and biofortification programs: current knowledge and future perspectives. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5: 616.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00616] [PMID: 25429294]
[122]
Ferrari S, Savatin DV, Sicilia F, Gramegna G, Cervone F, Lorenzo GD. Oligogalacturonides: plant damage-associated molecular patterns and regulators of growth and development. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4: 49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00049] [PMID: 23493833]
[123]
Li J, Zhu L, Lu G, Zhan XB, Lin CC, Zheng ZY. Curdlan β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides induce the defense responses against Phytophthora infestans infection of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. McCain G1) leaf cells. PLoS One 2014; 9(5) e97197
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097197] [PMID: 24816730]
[124]
Hayafune M, Berisio R, Marchetti R, et al. Chitin-induced activation of immune signaling by the rice receptor CEBiP relies on a unique sandwich-type dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014; 111(3): E404-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312099111] [PMID: 24395781]
[125]
Gubaeva E, Gubaev A, Melcher RLJ, et al. ‘Slipped Sandwich’ model for chitin and chitosan perception in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2018; 31(11): 1145-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-18-0098-R] [PMID: 29787346]
[126]
Nars A, Rey T, Lafitte C, et al. An experimental system to study responses of Medicago truncatula roots to chitin oligomers of high degree of polymerization and other microbial elicitors. Plant Cell Rep 2013; 32(4): 489-502.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-012-1380-3] [PMID: 23314495]
[127]
Zhang X, Li K, Liu S, et al. Size effects of chitooligomers on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat seedlings. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 138: 27-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.050] [PMID: 26794734]
[128]
Zou P, Tian X, Dong B, Zhang C. Size effects of chitooligomers with certain degrees of polymerization on the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 160: 194-202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.058] [PMID: 28115094]
[129]
Zhang X, Li K, Liu S, et al. Relationship between the degree of polymerization of chitooligomers and their activity affecting the growth of wheat seedlings under salt stress. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66(28): 7551-1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03268] [PMID: 29979592]
[130]
Jia Y, Ma Y, Zou P, Cheng G, Zhou J, Cai S. Effects of different oligochitosans on isoflavone metabolites, antioxidant activity, and isoflavone biosynthetic genes in soybean (Glycine max) seeds during germination. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67(16): 4652-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07300] [PMID: 30933513]
[131]
Wattjes J, Niehues A, Cord-Landwehr S, et al. Enzymatic production and enzymatic-mass spectrometric fingerprinting analysis of chitosan polymers with different nonrandom patterns of acetylation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141(7): 3137-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b12561] [PMID: 30673279]
[132]
Kurita K. Chitin and chitosan: functional biopolymers from marine crustaceans. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2006; 8(3): 203-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-005-0097-5] [PMID: 16532368]
[133]
Zou P, Li K, Liu S, et al. Effect of chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation on wheat seedlings under salt stress. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 126: 62-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.028] [PMID: 25933523]
[134]
Yarullina LG, Sorokan AV, Burkhanova GF, Cherepanova EA, Maksimov IV. Influence of chitooligosaccharides with different acetylation degrees on the H2O2 content and the activity of pathogenesis-related proteins in potato plants infected with phytophthora infestans. Appl Biochem Microbiol 2018; 54: 528-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0003683818050174]
[135]
Basa S, Nampally M, Honorato T, et al. The pattern of acetylation defines the priming activity of chitosan tetramers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142(4): 1975-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b11466] [PMID: 31895979]
[136]
Zhu XY, Zhao Y, Zhang HD, Wang WX, Cong HH, Yin H. Characterization of the specific mode of action of a chitin deacetylase and separation of the partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2019; 17(2): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17020074] [PMID: 30678277]
[137]
Schmitz C, Auza LG, Koberidze D, Rasche S, Fischer R, Bortesi L. Conversion of chitin to defined chitosan oligomers: current status and future prospects. Mar Drugs 2019; 17(8): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080452] [PMID: 31374920]
[138]
Conrath U, Beckers GJM, Langenbach CJG, Jaskiewicz MR. Priming for enhanced defense Annual Review of Phytopathology 2015; 53: 97: 119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120132]
[139]
Martinez-Medina A, Flors V, Heil M, et al. Recognizing plant defense priming. Trends Plant Sci 2016; 21(10): 818-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.009] [PMID: 27507609]
[140]
Zhang PY, Chen KS. Age-dependent variations of volatile emissions and inhibitory activity toward botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum in tomato leaves treated with chitosan oligosaccharide. J Plant Biol 2009; 52: 332-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12374-009-9043-9]
[141]
Yin H, Zhao XM, Du YG. Oligochitosan: A plant diseases vaccine-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2010; 82: 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.066]
[142]
Jia X, Meng Q, Zeng H, Wang W, Yin H. Chitosan oligosaccharide induces resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in Arabidopsis via the salicylic acid-mediated signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 26144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep26144] [PMID: 27189192]
[143]
Jia X, Zeng H, Wang W, Zhang F, Yin H. Chitosan oligosaccharide induces resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis thaliana by activating both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated pathways Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2018. MPMI03180071R 2018.
[144]
Robert-Seilaniantz A, Navarro L, Bari R, Jones JD. Pathological hormone imbalances. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2007; 10(4): 372-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.003] [PMID: 17646123]
[145]
Doares SH, Syrovets T, Weiler EW, Ryan CA. Oligogalacturonides and chitosan activate plant defensive genes through the octadecanoid pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92(10): 4095-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.10.4095] [PMID: 11607534]
[146]
Rakwal R, Tamogami S, Agrawal GK, Iwahashi H. Octadecanoid signaling component “burst” in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling leaves upon wounding by cut and treatment with fungal elicitor chitosan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 295(5): 1041-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00779-9] [PMID: 12135598]
[147]
Yin H, Li Y, Zhang HY, et al. Chitosan oligosaccharides-triggered innate immunity contributes to oilseed rape resistance against sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Int J Plant Sci 2013; 174: 722-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669721]
[148]
Yafei C, Yong Z, Xiaoming Z, et al. Functions of oligochitosan induced protein kinase in tobacco mosaic virus resistance and pathogenesis related proteins in tobacco. Plant Physiol Biochem 2009; 47(8): 724-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.03.009] [PMID: 19410476]
[149]
Guo X, Yu Z, Zhang M, Tang W, Sun Y, Li X. Enhancing the production of phenolic compounds during barley germination by using chitooligosaccharides to improve the antioxidant capacity of malt. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40(9-10): 1335-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-018-2582-8] [PMID: 29876794]
[150]
Li SJ, Zhu TH. Biochemical response and induced resistance against anthracnose (Colletotrichum camelliae) of camellia (Camellia pitardii) by chitosan oligosaccharide application. For Pathol 2013; 43: 67-76.
[151]
Wang Z, Zhao Y, Wei HX. Chitosan oligosaccharide addition affects current-year shoot of post-transplant Buddhist pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus) seedlings under contrasting photoperiods. Iforest-Biogeosciences and Forestry 2017; 10: 715-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor2302-010]
[152]
Zhang X, Li K, Xing R, et al. miRNA and mRNA Expression profiles reveal insight into chitosan-mediated regulation of plant growth. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66(15): 3810-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06081] [PMID: 29584426]
[153]
Rodríguez-Herva JJ, González-Melendi P, Cuartas-Lanza R, et al. A bacterial cysteine protease effector protein interferes with photosynthesis to suppress plant innate immune responses. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14(5): 669-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01749.x] [PMID: 22233353]
[154]
Zhang X, Li K, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Metabolite profiling of wheat seedlings induced by chitosan: revelation of the enhanced carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8: 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02017] [PMID: 29234335]
[155]
Zhou JC, Chen Q, Zhang Y, et al. Chitooligosaccharides enhance cold tolerance by repairing photodamaged PS II in rice. J Agric Sci 2018; 156: 888-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859618000862]
[156]
Cheplick S, Sarkar D, Bhowmik PC, Shetty K. Improved resilience and metabolic response of transplanted blackberry plugs using chitosan oligosaccharide elicitor treatment. Can J Plant Sci 2018; 98: 717-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0055]
[157]
Orwat J, Sarkar D, Osorno J, Shetty K. Improved salinity resilience in black bean by seed elicitation using organic compounds. Agron J 2017; 109: 1991-2003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.12.0699]
[158]
Zhong X, Wang ZQ, Xiao R, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhou X. iTRAQ analysis of the tobacco leaf proteome reveals that RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) has important roles in defense against geminivirus-betasatellite infection. J Proteomics 2017; 152: 88-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.015] [PMID: 27989946]
[159]
Wang MY, Chen YC, Zhang R, et al. Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on the yield components and production quality of different wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in Northwest China. Field Crops Res 2015; 172: 11-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.12.007]
[160]
Kerch G, Sabovics M, Kruma Z, Kampuse S, Straumite E. Effect of chitosan and chitooligosaccharide on vitamin C and polyphenols contents in cherries and strawberries during refrigerated storage. Eur Food Res Technol 2011; 233: 351-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-011-1525-6]
[161]
He Y, Bose SK, Wang W, Jia X, Lu H, Yin H. Pre-Harvest Treatment of chitosan oligosaccharides improved strawberry fruit quality. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19(8): 19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082194] [PMID: 30060488]
[162]
Elansary HO, Abdel-Hamid AME, Mahmoud EA, Al-Mana FA, El-Ansary DO, Zin El-Abedin TK. Heuchera creme brulee and Mahogany medicinal value under water stress and oligosaccharide (COS) treatment. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019, .20194242359
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4242359] [PMID: 30906414]
[163]
Badiali C, De Angelis G, Simonetti G, et al. Chitosan oligosaccharides affect xanthone and VOC biosynthesis in Hypericum perforatum root cultures and enhance the antifungal activity of root extracts. Plant Cell Rep 2018; 37(11): 1471-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-018-2317-2] [PMID: 29955918]
[164]
Benhamou N. Potential of the mycoparasite, Verticillium lecanii, to protect citrus fruit against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mold: A comparison with the effect of chitosan. Phytopathology 2004; 94(7): 693-705.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.7.693] [PMID: 18943901]
[165]
Du JM, Gemma H, Iwahori S. Effects of chitosan coating on the storage of peach, Japanese pear, and kiwifruit. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 1997; 66: 15-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.66.15]
[166]
Kittur FS, Kumar KR, Tharanathan RN. Functional packaging properties of chitosan films Zeitschrift Fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung Und-Forschung a-Food Research and Technology 1998; 206: 44-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050211]
[167]
Sarkar D, Ankolekar C, Greene D, Shetty K. Natural preservatives for superficial scald reduction and enhancement of protective phenolic-linked antioxidant responses in apple during post-harvest storage. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55(5): 1767-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3090-5] [PMID: 29666529]
[168]
Ru L, Jiang LF, Wills RBH, et al. Chitosan oligosaccharides induced chilling resistance in cucumber fruit and associated stimulation of antioxidant and HSP gene expression. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 2020; 264, 109187
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109187]
[169]
Sun G, Yang Q, Zhang A, et al. Synergistic effect of the combined bio-fungicides ε-poly-l-lysine and chitooligosaccharide in controlling grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in tomatoes. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 276: 46-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.006] [PMID: 29656220]
[170]
Li P, Linhardt RJ, Cao Z. Structural characterization of oligochitosan elicitor from Fusarium sambucinum and its elicitation of defensive responses in Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(12): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122076] [PMID: 27973408]
[171]
Kim SW, Park JK, Lee CH, Hahn BS, Koo JC. Comparison of the antimicrobial properties of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) and EDTA against Fusarium fujikuroi causing rice bakanae disease. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72(4): 496-502.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0973-9] [PMID: 26729353]
[172]
Maksimov IV, Valeev ASh, Cherepanova EA, Burkhanova GF. [Effect of chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation on the activity of wheat pathogen-inducible anionic peroxidase]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2014; 50(1): 95-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/S0555109913060123] [PMID: 25272758]
[173]
Lan W, Wang W, Yu Z, Qin Y, Luan J, Li X. Enhanced germination of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using chitooligosaccharide as an elicitor in seed priming to improve malt quality. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38(11): 1935-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-016-2181-5] [PMID: 27465671]
[174]
Hai NTT, Thu LH, Nga NTT, et al. Preparation of chitooligosaccharide by hydrogen peroxide degradation of chitosan and its effect on soybean seed germination. J Polym Environ 2019; 27: 2098-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01479-y]
[175]
Maksimov IV, Usupova ZR, Cherepanova EA, Khairulin RM, Vakhitov VA. [Inhibition of IAA oxidase activity of wheat anionic peroxidase by chitooligosaccharides]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2016; 52(5): 538-44.
[PMID: 29513471]
[176]
Li XW, Chen QX, Lei HQ, Wang JW, Yang S, Wei HX. Nutrient uptake and utilization by fragrant rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera) seedlings cultured with oligosaccharide addition under different lighting spectra. Forests 2018; 9(1): 29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9010029]
[177]
Ma LJ, Li YY, Wang LL, Li XM, Liu T, Bu N. Germination and physiological response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to pre-soaking with oligochitosan. Int J Agric Biol 2014; 16: 766-70.
[178]
Chatelain PG, Pintado ME, Vasconcelos MW. Evaluation of chitooligosaccharide application on mineral accumulation and plant growth in Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Sci 2014; 215-216: 134-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.11.009] [PMID: 24388524]
[179]
Guo W, Yin H, Ye Z, Zhao X, Yuan J, Du Y. A comparison study on the interactions of two oligosaccharides with tobacco cells by time-resolved fluorometric method. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90(1): 491-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.070] [PMID: 24751069]
[180]
Zong H, Li K, Liu S, et al. Improvement in cadmium tolerance of edible rape (Brassica rapa L.) with exogenous application of chitooligosaccharide. Chemosphere 2017; 181: 92-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.024] [PMID: 28432881]
[181]
Ramakrishna R, Sarkar D, Manduri A, Iyer SG, Shetty K. Improving phenolic bioactive-linked anti-hyperglycemic functions of dark germinated barley sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.) using seed elicitation strategy. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54(11): 3666-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2828-9] [PMID: 29051662]
[182]
Goni O, Quille P, O’Connell S. Production of chitosan oligosaccharides for inclusion in a plant biostimulant. Pure Appl Chem 2016; 88: 881-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0701]
[183]
Kjær A, Verstappen F, Bouwmeester H, et al. Artemisinin production and precursor ratio in full grown Artemisia annua L. plants subjected to external stress. Planta 2013; 237(4): 955-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1811-y] [PMID: 23179446]
[184]
Yin H, Kjaer A, Frette XC, et al. Chitosan oligosaccharide and salicylic acid up-regulate gene expression differently in relation to the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. Process Biochem 2012; 47: 1559-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2011.12.020]
[185]
Yin H, Fretté XC, Christensen LP, Grevsen K. Chitosan oligosaccharides promote the content of polyphenols in Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum). J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60(1): 136-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf204376j] [PMID: 22126122]
[186]
Jing HJ, Li HQ. Chitooligosaccharide prolongs vase life of cut roses by decreasing reactive oxygen species. Weonye Gwahag Gisulji 2015; 33: 383-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2015.14188]
[187]
Ma L, Cao JK, Xu LM, Zhang XF, Wang Z, Jiang WB. Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene in combination with chitosan oligosaccharides on post-harvest quality of aprium fruits. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 2014; 179: 301-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.09.052]
[188]
Li K, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Yu H, Li P. Size and pH effects of chitooligomers on antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64: 302-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.11.037] [PMID: 24321488]
[189]
Kulikov SN, Chirkov SN, Il’ina AV, Lopatin SA, Varlamov VP. [Effect of the molecular weight of chitosan on its antiviral activity in plants]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2006; 42(2): 224-8.
[PMID: 16761579]