Generic placeholder image

Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials

Author(s): Simone Maria Navarra, Maria Teresa Congedo and Mariano Alberto Pennisi*

DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666200603151838

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Indications for Non-Invasive Ventilation in Respiratory Failure

Page: [251 - 257] Pages: 7

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly being used to treat episodes of acute respiratory failure not only in critical care and respiratory wards, but also in emergency departments.

Aim: Aim of this review is to summarize the current indications for the management of NIV for respiratory failure.

Methods: Current literature about the topic was reviewed and critically reported to describe the rationale and physiologic advantages of NIV in various situations of respiratory failure. Results: Early NIV use is commonly associated with the significant decrease in endotracheal intubation rate, the incidence of infective complications (especially ventilatory associated pneumonia), Intensive Care Units and the length of hospital stay and, in selected conditions, also in mortality rates.

Severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pH<7.35 and relative hypercarbia) and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema are the most common NIV indications; in these conditions NIV advantages are clearly documented. Not so evident are the NIV benefits in hypoxaemic respiratory failure occurring without prior chronic respiratory disease (De novo respiratory failure). One recent randomized control trial reported in hypoxaemic respiratory failure a survival benefit of high-flow nasal cannulae over standard oxygen therapy and bilevel NIV. Evidence suggests the advantages of NIV also in respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients or chest trauma patients.

Use during a pandemic event has been assessed in several observational studies but remains controversial; there also is not sufficient evidence to support the use of NIV treatment in acute asthma exacerbation.

Conclusion: NIV eliminates morbidity related to the endotracheal tube (loss of airway defense mechanism with increased risk of pneumonia) and in selected conditions (COPD exacerbation, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxia) is clearly associated with a better outcome in comparison to conventional invasive ventilation. However, NIV is associated with complications, especially minor complications related to interface. Major complications like aspiration pneumonia, barotrauma and hypotension are infrequent.

Keywords: Non-invasive ventilation, hypoxemia, acute respiratory failure, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunocompromised patients.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Cross AM. Review of the role of non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department. J Accid Emerg Med 2000; 17(2): 79-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.17.2.79] [PMID: 10718225]
[2]
Browning J, Atwood B, Gray A. 3CPO trial group. Use of non-invasive ventilation in UK emergency departments. Emerg Med J 2006; 23(12): 920-1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2006.038950] [PMID: 17130599]
[3]
Collins SP, Mielniczuk LM, Whittingham HA, Boseley ME, Schramm DR, Storrow AB. The use of noninvasive ventilation in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: A systematic review. Ann Emerg Med 2006; 48(3): 260-269, 269.e1-269.e4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.01.038] [PMID: 16934647]
[4]
Groff P, Giostra F, Ansaloni S, et al. Use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the Emergency Department, clinical outcomes and correlates of failure. Ital J Public Health 2008; 5: 198-211.
[5]
Hill NS. The worldwide spread of noninvasive ventilation; too much, too little or just right? Tanaffos 2013; 12(2): 6-8.
[PMID: 25191455]
[6]
Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1995; 333(13): 817-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199509283331301] [PMID: 7651472]
[7]
Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 355(9219): 1931-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02323-0] [PMID: 10859037]
[8]
Osadnik CR, Tee VS, Carson-Chahhoud KV, Picot J, Wedzicha JA, Smith BJ. Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 7(7), CD004104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004104.pub4] [PMID: 28702957]
[9]
Conti G, Antonelli M, Navalesi P, et al. Noninvasive vs. conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after failure of medical treatment in the ward: A randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28(12): 1701-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-002-1478-0] [PMID: 12447511]
[10]
Squadrone E, Frigerio P, Fogliati C, et al. Noninvasive vs invasive ventilation in COPD patients with severe acute respiratory failure deemed to require ventilatory assistance. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30(7): 1303-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-004-2320-7] [PMID: 15197438]
[11]
Díaz GG, Alcaraz AC, Talavera JCP, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat hypercapnic coma secondary to respiratory failure. Chest 2005; 127(3): 952-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.127.3.952] [PMID: 15764781]
[12]
Keenan SP, Powers CE, McCormack DG. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with milder chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: A randomized controlled trial. Respir Care 2005; 50(5): 610-6.
[PMID: 15871754]
[13]
Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MW, et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2017; 50(2), 1602426.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02426-2016] [PMID: 28860265]
[14]
Carratù P, Bonfitto P, Dragonieri S, et al. Early and late failure of noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35(6): 404-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01509.x] [PMID: 15948902]
[15]
Confalonieri M, Garuti G, Cattaruzza MS, et al. Italian noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) study group. A chart of failure risk for noninvasive ventilation in patients with COPD exacerbation. Eur Respir J 2005; 25(2): 348-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00085304] [PMID: 15684302]
[16]
Steriade AT, Johari S, Sargarovschi N, et al. Predictors of outcome of noninvasive ventilation in severe COPD exacerbation. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19(1): 131.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0892-9] [PMID: 31319839]
[17]
Naughton MT, Rahman MA, Hara K, Floras JS, Bradley TD. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressures in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1995; 91(6): 1725-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.91.6.1725] [PMID: 7882480]
[18]
Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Reiss CK, Levy D. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: Prevalence and mortality in a population-based cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33(7): 1948-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00118-7] [PMID: 10362198]
[19]
Bendjelid K, Schütz N, Suter PM, et al. Does continuous positive airway pressure by face mask improve patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction? Chest 2005; 127(3): 1053-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.127.3.1053] [PMID: 15764794]
[20]
Räsänen J, Heikkilä J, Downs J, Nikki P, Väisänen I, Viitanen A. Continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Cardiol 1985; 55(4): 296-300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(85)90364-9] [PMID: 3881920]
[21]
Gray A, Goodacre S, Newby DE, Masson M, Sampson F, Nicholl J. 3CPO Trialists. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(2): 142-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0707992] [PMID: 18614781]
[22]
Masip J, Roque M, Sánchez B, Fernández R, Subirana M, Expósito JA. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294(24): 3124-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.24.3124] [PMID: 16380593]
[23]
Winck JC, Azevedo LF, Costa-Pereira A, Antonelli M, Wyatt JC. Efficacy and safety of non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2006; 10(2): R69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc4905] [PMID: 16646987]
[24]
Weng CL, Zhao YT, Liu QH, et al. Meta-analysis: Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152(9): 590-600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00009] [PMID: 20439577]
[25]
Mariani J, Macchia A, Belziti C, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Card Fail 2011; 17(10): 850-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.05.010] [PMID: 21962424]
[26]
Vital FM, Ladeira MT, Atallah AN. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013; 5(5), CD005351.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005351.pub3] [PMID: 23728654]
[27]
Ho KM, Wong K. A comparison of continuous and bi-level positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: A meta-analysis. Crit Care 2006; 10(2): R49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc4861] [PMID: 16569254]
[28]
Antonelli M, Conti G, Moro ML, et al. Predictors of failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A multi-center study. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27(11): 1718-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-001-1114-4] [PMID: 11810114]
[29]
Antonelli M, Conti G, Esquinas A, et al. A multiple-center survey on the use in clinical practice of noninvasive ventilation as a first-line intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2007; 35(1): 18-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000251821.44259.F3] [PMID: 17133177]
[30]
Carteaux G, Millán-Guilarte T, De Prost N, et al. Failure of noninvasive ventilation for de novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: Role of tidal volume. Crit Care Med 2016; 44(2): 282-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000001379] [PMID: 26584191]
[31]
Brochard L. Ventilation-induced lung injury exists in spontaneously breathing patients with acute respiratory failure: Yes. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43(2): 250-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4645-4] [PMID: 28074228]
[32]
Demoule A, Girou E, Richard JC, Taille S, Brochard L. Benefits and risks of success or failure of noninvasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32(11): 1756-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-006-0324-1] [PMID: 17019559]
[33]
Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, et al. for the FLORALI study group and the REVA network high-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic N engl. J Med 2015; 372: 2185-96.
[34]
Meduri GU, Cook TR, Turner RE, Cohen M, Leeper KV. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in status asthmaticus. Chest 1996; 110(3): 767-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.110.3.767] [PMID: 8797425]
[35]
Wilson DH, Tucker G, Frith P, Appleton S, Ruffin RE, Adams RJ. Trends in hospital admissions and mortality from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Australia, 1993-2003. Med J Aust 2007; 186(8): 408-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00974.x] [PMID: 17437395]
[36]
Davidson C, Banham S, Elliott M, et al. British Thoracic Society/Intensive Care Society Guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults. BMJ Open Respir Res 2016; 3(1), e000133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000133] [PMID: 27026806]
[37]
Antonelli M, Conti G, Bufi M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation: A randomized trial. JAMA 2000; 283(2): 235-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.2.235] [PMID: 10634340]
[38]
Adda M, Coquet I, Darmon M, Thiery G, Schlemmer B, Azoulay E. Predictors of noninvasive ventilation failure in patients with hematologic malignancy and acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2008; 36(10): 2766-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31818699f6] [PMID: 18766110]
[39]
Gristina GR, Antonelli M, Conti G, et al. GiViTI (Italian Group for the Evaluation of Interventions in Intensive Care Medicine). Noninvasive versus invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in patients with hematologic malignancies: A 5-year multicenter observational survey. Crit Care Med 2011; 39(10): 2232-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182227a27] [PMID: 21666446]
[40]
Lemiale V, Mokart D, Resche-Rigon M, et al. Groupe de Recherche en Réanimation Respiratoire du patient d’Onco-Hématologie (GRRR-OH). Effect of noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen therapy on mortality among immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314(16): 1711-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.12402] [PMID: 26444879]
[41]
Frat JP, Ragot S, Girault C, et al. REVA network. Effect of non-invasive oxygenation strategies in immunocompromised patients with severe acute respiratory failure: A post-hoc analysis of A randomised trial. Lancet Respir Med 2016; 4(8): 646-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30093-5] [PMID: 27245914]
[42]
Bolliger CT, Van Eeden SF. Treatment of multiple rib fractures. Randomized controlled trial comparing ventilatory with nonventilatory management. Chest 1990; 97(4): 943-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.97.4.943] [PMID: 2182301]
[43]
Gunduz M, Unlugenc H, Ozalevli M, Inanoglu K, Akman H. A comparative study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in patients with flail chest. Emerg Med J 2005; 22(5): 325-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2004.019786] [PMID: 15843697]
[44]
Hernandez G, Fernandez R, Lopez-Reina P, et al. Noninvasive ventilation reduces intubation in chest trauma-related hypoxemia: A randomized clinical trial. Chest 2010; 137(1): 74-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1114] [PMID: 19749006]
[45]
Heunks LM, van der Hoeven JG. Clinical review: The ABC of weaning failure--a structured approach. Crit Care 2010; 14(6): 245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc9296] [PMID: 21143773]
[46]
Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory failure after extubation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(24): 2452-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa032736] [PMID: 15190137]
[47]
Yamauchi LY, Figueiroa M, da Silveira LT, Travaglia TC, Bernardes S, Fu C. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation after extubation: Features and outcomes in clinical practice. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2015; 27(3): 252-9.
[PMID: 26465247]
[48]
Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, Bernadich O, Badia JR, Torres A. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: A randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173(2): 164-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200505-718OC] [PMID: 16224108]
[49]
Masclans JR, Pérez M, Almirall J, et al. H1N1 GTEI/SEMICYUC Investigators. Early non-invasive ventilation treatment for severe influenza pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19(3): 249-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03797.x] [PMID: 22404211]
[50]
Hui DS, Chow BK, Ng SS, et al. Exhaled air dispersion distances during noninvasive ventilation via different Respironics face masks. Chest 2009; 136(4): 998-1005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-0434] [PMID: 19411297]
[51]
Simonds AK, Hanak A, Chatwin M, et al. Evaluation of droplet dispersion during non-invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, nebuliser treatment and chest physiotherapy in clinical practice: implications for management of pandemic influenza and other airborne infections. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14(46): 131-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta14460-02] [PMID: 20923611]
[52]
Carron M, Freo U, BaHammam AS, et al. Complications of non-invasive ventilation techniques: A comprehensive qualitative review of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110(6): 896-914.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet070] [PMID: 23562934]
[53]
Gay PC. Complications of noninvasive ventilation in acute care. Respir Care 2009; 54(2): 246-57.
[PMID: 19173756]
[54]
Spoletini G, Hill NS. High-flow nasal oxygen versus noninvasive ventilation for hypoxemic respiratory failure: Do we know enough? Ann Thorac Med 2016; 11(3): 163-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1817-1737.185760] [PMID: 27512504]