Abstract

In this review article, we describe the application, reactivity and synthesis of isoxazole derivatives, more specifically, the application, reactivity, and synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted, 3,4- disubstituted, and 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazole using the green method. We review the application of isoxazole in material science, agriculture and pharmaceutical. In material science, isoxazole is used as a photochromic, electrochemical probe for Cu²⁺ and, given its optical properties, in dye-sensitized solar cells, high energy material and liquid crystal. In agriculture, isoxazole is used as an insecticide for managing Callosobruchus chinensis, Acaricidal activity against T. cinnabarinus, and herbicidal activities of 2-cyanoacrylates containing isoxazole. In pharmaceutical, isoxazole shows anticancer, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Further, we describe various reactions of isoxazole such as ring opens, bromination and iodination, thioynol ethers, intramolecular SEAr reaction, arylation, cycloaddition and photocycloaddition, photoisomerization, Domino transformation of isoxazoles to 2,4-dicarbonyl pyrroles and rearrangement. We also describe the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted, 3,4-disubstituted and 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazole using different methods.

Keywords: Agriculture, disubstituted, isoxazole, material science, pharmaceutical, reaction, synthesis, trisubstituted.

Graphical Abstract