Abstract
Background: Nowadays, due to the incidence of specific strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and also an increase in the rate of drug resistant-TB, the mortality rate has been increased
by this disease. The identification of common strains in the region, as well as the sources of transmission,
is essential to control the disease, which is possible by using molecular epidemiology.
Objectives: In this survey, the studies utilizing the spoligotyping method in Muslim Middle East
countries are reviewed to determine their role in the control of TB.
Methods: All studies conducted from 2005 to June 2016 were considered systematically in three
electronic databases out of which 23 studies were finally selected.
Results: The average rate of clustering was 84% and the rate of recent transmission varied from
21.7% to 92.4%. The incidence of Beijing strains has been found to be rising in the abovementioned
countries. In Iran and Saudi Arabia known as immigration and labour-hosting countries,
respectively, rapid transmittable and drug-resistant Beijing strains were higher than those in other
Muslim Middle East countries.
Conclusion: Considering the incidence of highly virulent strains, due to the increase in immigration
and people infected with HIV, tuberculosis, especially drug-resistant form, careful monitoring is
needed.
Keywords:
Molecular epidemiology, genotyping, tuberculosis, transmit, middle East, Beijing.
[2]
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report WHO/HTM/TB/2015. 22; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2015.
[12]
Brudey, K.; Driscoll, J.R.; Rigouts, L.; Prodinger, W.M.; Gori, A.; Al-Hajoj, S.A.; Allix, C.; Aristimuño, L.; Arora, J.; Baumanis, V.; Binder, L.; Cafrune, P.; Cataldi, A.; Cheong, S.; Diel, R.; Ellermeier, C.; Evans, J.T.; Fauville-Dufaux, M.; Ferdinand, S.; Garcia de Viedma, D.; Garzelli, C.; Gazzola, L.; Gomes, H.M.; Guttierez, M.C.; Hawkey, P.M.; van Helden, P.D.; Kadival, G.V.; Kreiswirth, B.N.; Kremer, K.; Kubin, M.; Kulkarni, S.P.; Liens, B.; Lillebaek, T.; Ho, M.L.; Martin, C.; Martin, C.; Mokrousov, I.; Narvskaïa, O.; Ngeow, Y.F.; Naumann, L.; Niemann, S.; Parwati, I.; Rahim, Z.; Rasolofo-Razanamparany, V.; Rasolonavalona, T.; Rossetti, M.L.; Rüsch-Gerdes, S.; Sajduda, A.; Samper, S.; Shemyakin, I.G.; Singh, U.B.; Somoskovi, A.; Skuce, R.A.; van Soolingen, D.; Streicher, E.M.; Suffys, P.N.; Tortoli, E.; Tracevska, T.; Vincent, V.; Victor, T.C.; Warren, R.M.; Yap, S.F.; Zaman, K.; Portaels, F.; Rastogi, N.; Sola, C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology.
BMC Microbiol., 2006,
6(1), 23.
[
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-6-23] [PMID:
16519816]
[18]
Mustafa Ali, R.; Trovato, A.; Couvin, D.; Al-Thwani, A.N.; Borroni, E. Dhaer, FH Molecular epidemiology and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Baghdad. BioMed Res. Int., 2014, 1-15.
[48]
Merker, M.; Blin, C.; Mona, S.; Duforet-Frebourg, N.; Lecher, S.; Willery, E.; Blum, M.G.; Rüsch-Gerdes, S.; Mokrousov, I.; Aleksic, E.; Allix-Béguec, C.; Antierens, A.; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, E.; Ballif, M.; Barletta, F.; Beck, H.P.; Barry, C.E., III; Bonnet, M.; Borroni, E.; Campos-Herrero, I.; Cirillo, D.; Cox, H.; Crowe, S.; Crudu, V.; Diel, R.; Drobniewski, F.; Fauville-Dufaux, M.; Gagneux, S.; Ghebremichael, S.; Hanekom, M.; Hoffner, S.; Jiao, W.W.; Kalon, S.; Kohl, T.A.; Kontsevaya, I.; Lillebæk, T.; Maeda, S.; Nikolayevskyy, V.; Rasmussen, M.; Rastogi, N.; Samper, S.; Sanchez-Padilla, E.; Savic, B.; Shamputa, I.C.; Shen, A.; Sng, L.H.; Stakenas, P.; Toit, K.; Varaine, F.; Vukovic, D.; Wahl, C.; Warren, R.; Supply, P.; Niemann, S.; Wirth, T. Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage.
Nat. Genet., 2015,
47(3), 242-249.
[
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3195] [PMID:
25599400]
,
Jalil Rashedi*
Download PDF Flyer