Generic placeholder image

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Author(s): Nur Mohammad*, Kowshik Debnath, Mahfuzur Rahman and Md. Shamsul Arifin

DOI: 10.2174/2352096512666191111120050

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Optimal Power Delivery from Hybrid Micro-grid to Provide Frequency Regulation

Page: [879 - 884] Pages: 6

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Background: This paper presents an optimal power delivery system for a hybrid microgrid consisting of a solar PV, wind farm, battery storage and diesel generator. The fuzzy logicbased control approach is used to match the generation and consumers’ demand.

Methods: The load demand is assumed to vary hourly in a day and season to season in a year. The frequency of AC (alternating current) bus may deviate from standard frequency due to supplydemand imbalance and thus make the system unstable.

Results: To overcome the situation, the controller actuates a control signal to maintain system frequency. Frequency deviation is an indication of the load change and battery voltage (state of charge) is taken as input. In case of excessive generation, the extra power will be absorbed in the dump load for an isolated system.

Conclusion: Whereas, for a grid-connected system, the surplus generation is fed into the grid. This cost-effective control method ensures the balance between generation and load demand at all times.

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, photovoltaic (PV), windmill, battery, diesel generator, hybrid microgrid, dump load, sequential power generation, battery charging system.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
S.A. Shezan, "Feasibility analysis of a hybrid off-grid wind-DG-battery energy system for the ecotourism remote areas", Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 2417-2430, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0983-0]
[2]
N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, R. Iravani, and C. Marnay, "Microgrids", IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 54-65, 2007.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MPAE.2007.376583]
[3]
L. E. Zubieta, "Are microgrids the future of energy? DC microgrids from concept to demonstration to deployment", IEEE Electrificat. Mag.,, vol. 4. 2016, no. 2, pp. 37-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2016.2544238]
[4]
P.C. Loh, D. Li, Y.K. Chai, and F. Blaabjerg, "Autonomous operation of a hybrid microgrid with AC and DC subgrids", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2214-2223, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2214792]
[5]
S. Mishra, S. Sahoo, and A. Dugar, "Hybrid MVMO based controller for energy management in a grid-connected DC microgrid", In: Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC), 2015, pp. 114-119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PCITC.2015.7438144]
[6]
J. Lagorse, M.G. Simoes, and A. Miraoui, "A multiagent fuzzy-logic- based energy management of hybrid systems", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 2123-2129, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2009.2031786]
[7]
J.P. Fossati, A. Galarza, A. Martín-Villate, J.M. Echeverría, and L. Fontán, "Optimal scheduling of a microgrid with a fuzzy logic controlled storage system", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 68, pp. 61-70, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.12.032]
[8]
"What is 'fuzzy logic'? Are there computers that are inherently fuzzy and do not apply the usual binary logic? Available at:", https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-fuzzy-logic-are-t/
[9]
L. Ning, and D.J. Hammerstrom, "Design considerations for frequency responsive Grid Friendly™ appliances", In: Proc. 2005/2006 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conf. Exhib, 2006
[10]
Z. Chen, L. Wu, and Y. Fu, "Real-time price-based demand response management for residential appliances via stochastic optimization and robust optimization", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1822-1831, 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2212729]
[11]
L. Ning, and Y. Zhang, "Design considerations of a centralized load controller using thermostatically controlled appliances for continuous regulation reserves", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 914-921, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2222944]
[12]
C. Vivekananthan, Y. Mishra, G. Ledwich, and F. Li, "Demand response for residential appliances via customer reward scheme", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 809-820, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2014.2298514]
[13]
C. Vivekananthan, and Y. Mishra, "Stochastic ranking method for thermostatically controllable appliances to provide regulation services", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 30, no. 4, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2353655]
[14]
S. Zhang, and Y. Mishra, "Fuzzy-logic based frequency controller for wind farms augmented with energy storage systems", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 31, no. 2, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2432113]
[15]
H.W.D. Hettiarachchi, K.T.M.U. Hemapala, and A.G.B.P. Jayasekara, "A fuzzy logic based power management system for an integrated AC-DC hybrid microgrid model", In: Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MERCon.2017.7980510]
[16]
I.J.R.E.S. Journal, "Available at:", www.ijres.org
[17]
N. Mohammad, and A. Rahman, "Transactive control of industrial heating–ventilation–air-conditioning units in cold-storage warehouses for demand response", Sustain. Energy, Grids Netw., vol. 18, . 2019
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2019.100201]
[18]
N. Mohammad, and Y. Mishra, "The role of demand response aggregators and the effect of gencos strategic bidding on the flexibility of demand", Energies, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1-22, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123296]
[19]
N. Mohammad, and Y. Mishra, "Coordination of wind generation and demand response to minimise operation cost in day-ahead electricity markets using bi-level optimisation framework", IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 12, no. 16, pp. 3793-3802, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.0110]
[20]
K. Ahmad, N. Mohammad, and M. Quamruzzaman, "Review on frequency adjustment for power systems with grid connected wind farm", In: 2019 International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST), Dhaka, Bangladesh, , 2019, pp. 617-621
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICREST.2019.8644155]
[21]
N. Mohammad, and Y. Mishra, "Retailer’s risk-aware trading framework with demand response aggregators in short-term electricity markets", IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 13, no. 13, pp. 2611-2618, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6294]
[22]
M.K. Hasan, and N. Mohammad, "An outlook over electrical energy generation and mixing policies of Bangladesh to achieve sustainable energy targets -Vision 2041", In: 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 2019, pp. 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679446]
[23]
S. Hossain, M. Rahaman, I. Tasnim, and N. Mohammad, "Optimal energy mix and operation cost in the presence of nuclear and solar PV generation", In: 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 2019, pp. 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679472]
[24]
A. Nath, S. Barua, and N. Mohammad, "Electric power generation mix for bangladesh and its future", In: 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE) , 2019,, pp. 1-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679245]
[25]
M. Bayat, K. Sheshyekani, M. Hamzeh, and A. Rezazadeh, "Coordination of distributed energy resources and demand response for voltage and frequency support of MV microgrids", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2015, no. 99, pp. 1-11, .
[26]
X. Ayón, J.K. Gruber, B.P. Hayes, J. Usaola, and M. Prodanović, "An optimal day-ahead load scheduling approach based on the flexibility of aggregate demands", Appl. Energy, vol. 198, pp. 1-11, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.038]
[27]
S. Yano, and T. Taniguchi, "Economically efficient power storage operation by dealing with the non-normality of power prediction", Energies, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 12211-12227, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en81012211]