Premature Closure of the Foramen Ovale and the Ductus Arteriosus

The foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus are fetal circulation shunt sites, and the appropriate flow profile in these shunts allows the maintenance of fetal hemodynamic stability. The presence of restrictive or closed foramen ovale and/or ductus arteriosus may lead to poor fetal outcomes, such as right ventricular failure, neonatal pulmonary hypertension, or even death. Fetal echocardiography is the main tool for the diagnosis and assessment of premature closure of the foramen ovale and/or ductus arteriosus, and its intrauterine and/or postnatal management. In some cases, fetal intervention or soon after birth may be required in the presence of fetal hemodynamic instability.

Keywords: Abnormal cardiac position, Ductus arteriosus, Echocardiography, Foramen ovale, Premature constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus, Restrictive or closed foramen ovale.