Generic placeholder image

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

Author(s): Marzyeh Nili, Katayoon Tayeri, Mohamad Gholami, Samaneh Moallemi, Farzaneh Sabahi, Saber Kalhori, Kazem Baesi* and Mehrdad Hasibi*

DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666180222111611

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
There is no Difference Between Sequences of HIV-1 Infected Patients with Stable Clinical Status and HIV-1 Reference Sequence

Page: [67 - 72] Pages: 6

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Background: The rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Iran has increased dramatically in the past few years. HIV-1 genome sequences are pivotal for large-scale studies of inter- and intra-host evolution. To understand the molecular difference between reference HIV-1 isolate and two HIV-1 infected patients in Iran, we conducted this study to analyze some genome segments of Iranian HIV-1 isolates.

Methods: Two HIV-1-infected individuals who were under antiretroviral therapy (ARV) for 8 years with stable clinical status were enrolled. The patient’s plasma samples were used for the Gag-Pol genome sequences (4500 nt). The phylogenetic tree and similarity plotty were obtained based on Gag-Pol sequences.

Results: Both HIV-1-infected isolates belonged to CRF35_AD subtype even though one of them had drug resistance. The HIV genome and protein sequences showed no clear difference between genome and protein sequences of our samples and the reference sequence.

Conclusions: Our patient’s stable clinical status had no connection to genome sequence; which could be owing to immunological factors or other patient’s mode which are still unknown.

Keywords: HIV-1, protein sequences, immunological factors, patient’s mode, reference sequence, stable status.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Haynes, B.F.; Burton, D.R. Developing an HIV vaccine. Science, 2017, 355(6330), 1129-1130.
[2]
Jahanbakhsh, F.; Ibe, S.; Hattori, J.; Monavari, S.H.R.; Matsuda, M.; Maejima, M.; Iwatani, Y.; Memarnejadian, A.; Keyvani, H.; Azadmanesh, K.; Sugiura, W. Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 infection in Iran: genomic evidence of CRF35_AD predominance and CRF01_AE infection among individuals associated with injection drug use. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2013, 29(1), 198-203.
[3]
Wertheim, J.O.; Kosakovsky Pond, S.L.; Forgione, L.A.; Mehta, S.R.; Murrell, B.; Shah, S.; Smith, D.M.; Scheffler, K.; Torian, L.V. Social and Genetic Networks of HIV-1 Transmission in New York City. PLoS Pathog., 2017, 13(1), e1006000.
[4]
Naderi, H.R.; Tagliamonte, M.; Tornesello, M.L.; Ciccozzi, M.; Rezza, G.; Farid, R.; Buonaguro, F.M.; Buonaguro, L. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 variants circulating among injecting drug users in Mashhad-Iran. Infect. Agent. Cancer, 2006, 1, 4.
[5]
Sarrami-Forooshani, R.; Das, S.R.; Sabahi, F.; Adeli, A.; Esmaeili, R.; Wahren, B.; Mohraz, M.; Haji-Abdolbaghi, M.; Rasoolinejad, M.; Jameel, S.; Mahboudi, F. Molecular analysis and phylogenetic characterization of HIV in Iran. J. Med. Virol., 2006, 78(7), 853-863.
[6]
Tagliamonte, M.; Naderi, H.R.; Tornesello, M.L.; Farid, R.; Buonaguro, F.M.; Buonaguro, L. HIV type 1 subtype A epidemic in injecting drug user (IDU) communities in Iran. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2007, 23(12), 1569-1574.
[7]
Mousavi, S.M.; Hamkar, R.; Gouya, M.M.; Safaie, A.; Zahraei, S.M.; Yazdani, Z.; Asbaghi Namini, S.; Bertagnolio, S.; Sutherland, D.; Sandstrom, P.; Brooks, J. Surveillance of HIV drug resistance transmission in Iran: experience gained from a pilot study. Arch. Virol., 2010, 155(3), 329-334.
[8]
Soheilli, Z.S.; Ataiee, Z.; Tootian, S.; Zadsar, M.; Amini, S.; Abadi, K.; Jauvin, V.; Pinson, P.; Fleury, H.J.; Samiei, S. Presence of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Iran. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2009, 25(1), 123-124.
[9]
Feder, A.F.; Rhee, S-Y.; Holmes, S.P.; Shafer, R.W.; Petrov, D.A.; Pennings, P.S. More effective drugs lead to harder selective sweeps in the evolution of drug resistance in HIV-1. eLife, 2016, 5, e10670.
[10]
Wensing, A.M.; Calvez, V.; Günthard, H.F.; Johnson, V.A.; Paredes, R.; Pillay, D.; Shafer, R.W.; Richman, D.D. 2017 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1. Top. Antivir. Med., 2017, 24(4), 132-133.
[11]
Alam, C.; Whyte-Allman, S-K.; Omeragic, A.; Bendayan, R. Role and modulation of drug transporters in HIV-1 therapy. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2016, 103, 121-143.
[12]
(a)Castro-Nallar, E.; Pérez-Losada, M.; Burton, G.F.; Crandall, K.A. The evolution of HIV: inferences using phylogenetics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2012, 62(2), 777-792.
(b)Organization, W. H. The HIV drug resistance report-2012, 2012.
[13]
Organization, WHO The HIV drug resistance report-2012., 2012.
[14]
Campbell, T.B.; Shulman, N.S.; Johnson, S.C.; Zolopa, A.R.; Young, R.K.; Bushman, L.; Fletcher, C.V.; Lanier, E.R.; Merigan, T.C.; Kuritzkes, D.R. Antiviral activity of lamivudine in salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2005, 41(2), 236-242.
[15]
Gallant, J.E.; DeJesus, E.; Arribas, J.R.; Pozniak, A.L.; Gazzard, B.; Campo, R.E.; Lu, B.; McColl, D.; Chuck, S.; Enejosa, J.; Toole, J.J.; Cheng, A.K. Tenofovir DF, emtricitabine, and efavirenz vs. zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz for HIV. N. Engl. J. Med., 2006, 354(3), 251-260.
[16]
Astrid Gall, B.F. b Clare Morris,c Simon Watson,a Matthew Cotten,a Mark Robinson,d Neil Berry,c Deenan Pillay,e and Paul Kellam, Universal Amplification, Next-Generation Sequencing, and Assembly of HIV-1 Genomes. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2012, 50, 3838-3844.
[17]
Baesi, K.; Moallemi, S.; Ravanshad, M. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 pol gene: First subgenomic evidence of CRF29-BF among Iranian HIV-1 patients. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis., 2014, 4, S617-S620.
[18]
Takaki, I.; Scoparo, J.; Wingeter, M.A.; Helbel, C.; Spironello, R.A.; Cuman, R.K. Suppression of HIV-1 viral load after multiple changes in high active antiretroviral therapy: A case report. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 2016, 15(5), 1109-1111.
[19]
Baesi, K.; Ravanshad, M.; Hosseini, Y.; Abdolbaghi, M.H. Drug resistance profile and subtyping of HIV-1 RT gene in Iranian patients under treatment. Iranian J. Biotechnol., 2012, 10(1), 1-7.
[20]
Henn, M.R.; Boutwell, C.L.; Charlebois, P.; Lennon, N.J.; Power, K.A.; Macalalad, A.R.; Berlin, A.M.; Malboeuf, C.M.; Ryan, E.M.; Gnerre, S.; Zody, M.C.; Erlich, R.L.; Green, L.M.; Berical, A.; Wang, Y.; Casali, M.; Streeck, H.; Bloom, A.K.; Dudek, T.; Tully, D.; Newman, R.; Axten, K.L.; Gladden, A.D.; Battis, L.; Kemper, M.; Zeng, Q.; Shea, T.P.; Gujja, S.; Zedlack, C.; Gasser, O.; Brander, C.; Hess, C.; Günthard, H.F.; Brumme, Z.L.; Brumme, C.J.; Bazner, S.; Rychert, J.; Tinsley, J.P.; Mayer, K.H.; Rosenberg, E.; Pereyra, F.; Levin, J.Z.; Young, S.K.; Jessen, H.; Altfeld, M.; Birren, B.W.; Walker, B.D.; Allen, T.M. Whole genome deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals the impact of early minor variants upon immune recognition during acute infection. PLoS Pathog., 2012, 8(3), e1002529.