Abstract

Transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of amines with aryl halides (or pseudo-halides) has evolved as the most versatile method available to forge carbon-nitrogen bonds. However, due to economic and environmental concerns, the quest for more attractive protocols in both academic and industrial domains has been pursued. In this review, we have summarized recent developments in the use of alternative methodologies, regarding non-conventional reaction medium, activation source and catalyst system, which can be considered promising for C-N cross-coupling reactions (Buchwald- Hartwig, Ullmann and correlates).

Keywords: Buchwald-Hartwig amination, palladium, cross-coupling, green chemistry, Ullmann reaction, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, Sustainability, amines, aryl halides, catalyst, arylamines, imidazole, or-ganocuprate chemistry, arylpalladium amide, tertiary phosphines, Ionic Liquids, N-vinylimidazoles, antifungal, antiparasitic, N-styrylimidazole, pyridinium cation, E-vinyl bromides, amino acid, ligand, Pd-catalyzed Reactions, nucleophilic arylamine, bistriflimide, chlorides, bromides, bromocinnamamide, Cu-catalyzed Reactions, cyclohexanone, N-arylations, indoles, azaindoles, lactams, acyclic, pyrazole, methylpyrazole, Microwave Irradiation, micro-wave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS), homopiperazines