Dose-response Analysis in Hepatic Tumors Treated with 90Y-TARE According to a Personalized Dosimetric Workflow: Preliminary Results

Page: [326 - 336] Pages: 11

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Background: Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) is a widespread radiation therapy for unresectable hepatic lesions, but a clear understanding of the dose-response link is still missing. The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate the role of both dosimetric and clinical parameters as classifiers or predictors of response and survival for TARE in hepatic tumors and to present possible response cut-off.

Methods: 20 patients treated with glass or resin microspheres according to a personalized workflow were included. Dosimetric parameters were extracted from personalized absorbed dose maps obtained from the convolution of 90Y PET images with 90Y voxel S-values.

Results: D95 ≥ 104 Gy and tumor mean absorbed dose MADt ≥ 229 Gy were found to be optimal cut-off values for complete response, while D30 ≥ 180 Gy and MADt ≥ 117 Gy were selected as cut-off values for at least partial response and predicted better survival. Clinical parameters Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) didn’t show sufficient classification capability for response or survival.

Concusion: These preliminary results highlight the importance of an accurate dosimetric evaluation and suggest a cautious approach when considering clinical indicators. Dosimetric cut-off values could be a support tool in both planning and post-treatment phases. Larger multi-centric randomized trials, with standardized methods regarding patient selection, response criteria, Regions of Interest definition, dosimetric approach and activity planning are needed to confirm these promising results.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Kennedy, A. Radioembolization of hepatic tumors. J. Gastrointest. Oncol., 2014, 5(3), 178-189.
[PMID: 24982766]
[2]
Mahnken, A.H. Current status of transarterial radioembolization. World J. Radiol., 2016, 8(5), 449-459.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v8.i5.449] [PMID: 27247711]
[3]
Weber, M.; Lam, M.; Chiesa, C.; Konijnenberg, M.; Cremonesi, M.; Flamen, P.; Gnesin, S.; Bodei, L.; Kracmerova, T.; Luster, M.; Garin, E.; Herrmann, K. EANM procedure guideline for the treatment of liver cancer and liver metastases with intra-arterial radioactive compounds. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2022, 49(5), 1682-1699.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05600-z] [PMID: 35146577]
[4]
Dezarn, W.A.; Cessna, J.T.; DeWerd, L.A.; Feng, W.; Gates, V.L.; Halama, J.; Kennedy, A.S.; Nag, S.; Sarfaraz, M.; Sehgal, V.; Selwyn, R.; Stabin, M.G.; Thomadsen, B.R.; Williams, L.E.; Salem, R. Recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine on dosimetry, imaging, and quality assurance procedures for 90 Y microsphere brachytherapy in the treatment of hepatic malignancies. Med. Phys., 2011, 38(8), 4824-4845.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3608909] [PMID: 21928655]
[5]
Saini, A.; Wallace, A.; Alzubaidi, S.; Knuttinen, M.G.; Naidu, S.; Sheth, R.; Albadawi, H.; Oklu, R. History and evolution of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Clin. Med., 2019, 8(1), 55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010055] [PMID: 30621040]
[6]
Cross, W.G.; Soares, C.G.; Vynckier, S.; Weaver, K. Dosimetry of beta rays and low-energy photons for brachytherapy with sealed sources, ICRU Report 72. J. ICRU, 2003.
[7]
Padia, S.A. Y90 Clinical Data Update: Cholangiocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, melanoma, and breast cancer metastatic disease. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol., 2019, 22(2), 81-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tvir.2019.02.008] [PMID: 31079715]
[8]
Wasan, H.S.; Gibbs, P.; Sharma, N.K.; Taieb, J.; Heinemann, V.; Ricke, J.; Peeters, M.; Findlay, M.; Weaver, A.; Mills, J.; Wilson, C.; Adams, R.; Francis, A.; Moschandreas, J.; Virdee, P.S.; Dutton, P.; Love, S.; Gebski, V.; Gray, A.; van Hazel, G.; Sharma, R.A.; Adams, R.; Bateman, A.; Blesing, C.; Brown, E.; Chau, I.; Cummins, S.; Cunningham, D.; Falk, S.; Hadaki, M.; Hall, M.; Hickish, T.; Hornbuckle, J.; Lofts, F.; Lowndes, S.; Mayer, A.; Metcalfe, M.; Middleton, G.; Mills, J.; Montazeri, A.; Muirhead, R.; Polychronis, A.; Purcell, C.; Ross, P.; Sharma, R.A.; Sherwin, L.; Smith, D.; Soomal, R.; Swinson, D.; Walther, A.; Wasan, H.; Weaver, A.; Wilson, C.; Wilson, G.; Amin, P.; Angelelli, B.; Balosso, J.; Beny, A.; Bloomgarden, D.; Boucher, E.; Brown, M.; Bruch, H-R.; Bui, J.; Burge, M.; Cardaci, G.; Carlisle, J.; Chai, S.; Chen, Y-J.; Chevallier, P.; Chuong, M.; Clarke, S.; Coveler, A.; Craninx, M.; Delanoit, T.; Deleporte, A.; Eliadis, P.; Facchini, F.; Ferguson, T.; Ferrante, M.; Findlay, M.; Frenette, G.; Frick, J.; Ganju, V.; Garofalo, M.; Geboes, K.; Gehbauer, G.; George, B.; Geva, R.; Gibbs, P.; Gordon, M.; Gregory, K.; Gulec, S.; Hannigan, J.; van Hazel, G.; Heching, N.; Heinemann, V.; Helmberger, T.; Hendlisz, A.; Hendrickx, K.; Holtzman, M.; Isaacs, R.; Jackson, C.; James, P.; Kaiser, A.; Karapetis, C.; Kaubisch, A.; Ko, Y-D.; Kröning, H.; Lammert, F.; Liauw, W.; Limentani, S.; Louafi, S.; de Man, M.; Margolis, J.; Martin, R.; Martoni, A.; Marx, G.; Matos, M.; Monsaert, E.; Moons, V.; Nott, L.; Nusch, A.; O’Donnell, A.; Ozer, H.; Padia, S.; Pavlakis, N.; Peeters, M.; Perez, D.; Pluntke, S.; Polus, M.; Powell, A.; Pracht, M.; Price, T.; Ransom, D.; Rebischung, C.; Ricke, J.; Ridwelski, K.; Riera-Knorrenschild, J.; Riess, H.; Rilling, W.; Robinson, B.; Rodríguez, J.; Sanchez, F.; Sauerbruch, T.; Savin, M.; Scheidhauer, K.; Schneiderman, E.; Seeger, G.; Segelov, E.; Schmueli, E.S.; Shani, A.; Shannon, J.; Sharma, N.; Shibata, S.; Singhal, N.; Smith, D.; Smith, R.; Stemmer, S.; Stötzer, O.; Strickland, A.; Taieb, J.; Tatsch, K.; Terrebonne, E.; Tichler, T.; Vehling-Kaiser, U.; Vera-Garcia, R.; Vogl, T.; Walpole, E.; Wang, E.; Whiting, S.; Wolf, I.; Ades, S.; Aghmesheh, M.; Angelelli, B.; Auber, M.; Ayala, H.; Beny, A.; Bloomgarden, D.; Boland, P.; Bouche, E.; Bowers, C.; Bremer, C.; Bui, J.; Burge, M.; Carlisle, J.; Casado, A.R.; Chai, S.; Chuong, M.; Cooray, P.; Crain, M.; De Wit, M.; Dowling, K.; Durand, A.; Facchini, F.; Faivre, S.; Feeney, K.; Ferguson, T.; Ferru, A.; Findlay, M.; Fragoso, M.; Frenette, G.; Frick, J.; Ganju, V.; Geva, R.; Gibbs, P.; Granetto, C.; Hammel, P.; van Hazel, G.; Heching, N.; Hendlisz, A.; Hendrickx, K.; Holtzman, M.; Issacs, R.; Iyer, R.; Jackson, C.; Kaiser, A.; Kaubisch, A.; Kim, Y.H.; Kröning, H.; Liang, J.T.; Lim, L.; Limentani, S.; Liu, J.H.; Louafi, S.; de Man, M.; Masi, G.; Matos, M.; Monsaert, E.; Mosconi, S.; Nott, L.; Numico, G.; O’Donnell, A.; Peeters, M.; Polus, M.; Pracht, M.; Ratner, L.; Rebischung, C.; Sae-Won, H.; Sanchez, F.; Shani, A.; Sharma, N.; Singh, M.; Singhal, N.; Smith, D.; Stoltzfus, P.; Strickland, A.; Taieb, J.; Tan, I.; Terrebonne, E.; Tichler, T.; Trogu, A.; Underhill, C.; Vera-Garcia, R.; Walpole, E.; Wang, E.; Westcott, M. First-line selective internal radiotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer (FOXFIRE, SIRFLOX, and FOXFIRE-Global): A combined analysis of three multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trials. Lancet Oncol., 2017, 18(9), 1159-1171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30457-6] [PMID: 28781171]
[9]
Wang, T.H.; Huang, P.I.; Hu, Y.W.; Lin, K.H.; Liu, C.S.; Lin, Y.Y.; Liu, C.A.; Tseng, H.S.; Liu, Y.M.; Lee, R.C. Combined Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy and external beam radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: From clinical aspects to dosimetry. PLoS One, 2018, 13(1), e0190098.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190098] [PMID: 29293557]
[10]
Cremonesi, M.; Chiesa, C.; Strigari, L.; Ferrari, M.; Botta, F.; Guerriero, F.; De Cicco, C.; Bonomo, G.; Orsi, F.; Bodei, L.; Di Dia, A.; Grana, C.M.; Orecchia, R. Radioembolization of hepatic lesions from a radiobiology and dosimetric perspective. Front. Oncol., 2014, 4, 210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2014.00210] [PMID: 25191640]
[11]
Hermann, A.L.; Dieudonné, A.; Ronot, M.; Sanchez, M.; Pereira, H.; Chatellier, G.; Garin, E.; Castera, L.; Lebtahi, R.; Vilgrain, V. Relationship of tumor radiation–absorbed dose to survival and response in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial radioembolization with 90Y in the SARAH study. Radiology, 2020, 296(3), 673-684.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020191606] [PMID: 32602828]
[12]
Levillain, H.; Duran Derijckere, I.; Ameye, L.; Guiot, T.; Braat, A.; Meyer, C.; Vanderlinden, B.; Reynaert, N.; Hendlisz, A.; Lam, M.; Deroose, C.M.; Ahmadzadehfar, H.; Flamen, P. Personalised radioembolization improves outcomes in refractory intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A multicenter study. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2019, 46(11), 2270-2279.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-019-04427-z] [PMID: 31324943]
[13]
Garin, E.; Tselikas, L.; Guiu, B.; Chalaye, J.; Edeline, J.; de Baere, T.; Assénat, E.; Tacher, V.; Robert, C.; Terroir-Cassou-Mounat, M.; Mariano-Goulart, D.; Amaddeo, G.; Palard, X.; Hollebecque, A.; Kafrouni, M.; Regnault, H.; Boudjema, K.; Grimaldi, S.; Fourcade, M.; Kobeiter, H.; Vibert, E.; Le Sourd, S.; Piron, L.; Sommacale, D.; Laffont, S.; Campillo-Gimenez, B.; Rolland, Y.; Garin, E.; Edeline, J.; Robert, C.R.; Le Sourd, S.; Palard, X.; Laffont, S.; Campillo-Gimenez, B.; Rolland, Y.; Pracht, M.; Ardisson, V.; Lenoir, L.; Boudjema, K.; Tselikas, L.; De Baere, T.; Terroir-Cassou-Mounat, M.; Hollebecque, A.; Grimaldi, S.; Deschamps, F.; Ducreux, M.; Gelli, M.; Vibert, E.; Guiu, B.; Piron, L.; Kafrouni, M.; Fourcade, M.; Assenat, E.; Mariano-Goulart, D.; Cassinotto, C.; Allimant, C.; Chalaye, J.; Regnault, H.; Amaddeo, G.; Sommacale, D.; Kobeiter, H.; Tacher, V.; Bonnot-Lours, S.; Marie, M.; Itti, E.; Lerman, L.; Abulizi, M.; Luciani, A.; Costentin, C.E.; Milliner, M. Personalised versus standard dosimetry approach of selective internal radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (DOSISPHERE-01): A randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2021, 6(1), 17-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30290-9] [PMID: 33166497]
[14]
Willowson, K.P.; Hayes, A.R.; Chan, D.L.H.; Tapner, M.; Bernard, E.J.; Maher, R.; Pavlakis, N.; Clarke, S.J.; Bailey, D.L. Clinical and imaging-based prognostic factors in radioembolisation of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: A retrospective exploratory analysis. EJNMMI Res., 2017, 7(1), 46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-017-0292-1] [PMID: 28536968]
[15]
Roosen, J.; Klaassen, N.J.M.; Westlund Gotby, L.E.L.; Overduin, C.G.; Verheij, M.; Konijnenberg, M.W.; Nijsen, J.F.W. To 1000 Gy and back again: A systematic review on dose-response evaluation in selective internal radiation therapy for primary and secondary liver cancer. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2021, 48(12), 3776-3790.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05340-0] [PMID: 33839892]
[16]
Dutton, S.J.; Kenealy, N.; Love, S.B.; Wasan, H.S.; Sharma, R.A. FOXFIRE protocol: An open-label, randomised, phase III trial of 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and folinic acid (OxMdG) with or without interventional Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) as first-line treatment for patients with unresectable liver-only or liver-dominant metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer, 2014, 14(1), 497.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-497] [PMID: 25011439]
[17]
van Hazel, G.A.; Heinemann, V.; Sharma, N.K.; Findlay, M.P.N.; Ricke, J.; Peeters, M.; Perez, D.; Robinson, B.A.; Strickland, A.H.; Ferguson, T.; Rodríguez, J.; Kröning, H.; Wolf, I.; Ganju, V.; Walpole, E.; Boucher, E.; Tichler, T.; Shacham-Shmueli, E.; Powell, A.; Eliadis, P.; Isaacs, R.; Price, D.; Moeslein, F.; Taieb, J.; Bower, G.; Gebski, V.; Van Buskirk, M.; Cade, D.N.; Thurston, K.; Gibbs, P. SIRFLOX: Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing First-Line mFOLFOX6 (Plus or Minus Bevacizumab) Versus mFOLFOX6 (Plus or Minus Bevacizumab) plus selective internal radiation therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 2016, 34(15), 1723-1731.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.66.1181] [PMID: 26903575]
[18]
Vilgrain, V.; Pereira, H.; Assenat, E.; Guiu, B.; Ilonca, A.D.; Pageaux, G.P.; Sibert, A.; Bouattour, M.; Lebtahi, R.; Allaham, W.; Barraud, H.; Laurent, V.; Mathias, E.; Bronowicki, J.P.; Tasu, J.P.; Perdrisot, R.; Silvain, C.; Gerolami, R.; Mundler, O.; Seitz, J.F.; Vidal, V.; Aubé, C.; Oberti, F.; Couturier, O.; Brenot-Rossi, I.; Raoul, J.L.; Sarran, A.; Costentin, C.; Itti, E.; Luciani, A.; Adam, R.; Lewin, M.; Samuel, D.; Ronot, M.; Dinut, A.; Castera, L.; Chatellier, G.; Assenat, E. Delhom - Christol, E.; Guiu, B.; Ilonca, A.D.; Lonjon, J.; Pageaux, G-P.; Abdel-Rehim, M.; Allaham, W.; Bouattour, M.; Castera, L.; Dieudonné, A.; Lebtahi, R.; Ronot, M.; Sibert, A.; Vilgrain, V.; Barraud, H.; Bazin, C.; Bronowicki, J-P.; Laurent, V.; Mathias, E.; Chagneau-Derrode, C.; Perdrisot, R.; Silvain, C.; Tasu, J-P.; Borentain, P.; Gerolami, R.; Mundler, O.; Seitz, J-F.; Vidal, V.; Aubé, C.; Bouvier, A.; Couturier, O.; Oberti, F.; Vervueren, L.; Brenot-Rossi, I.; Raoul, J-L.; Sarran, A.; Chalaye, J.; Costentin, C.; Itti, E.; Kobeiter, H.; Luciani, A.; Adam, R.; Lewin, M.; Samuel, D.; Edeline, J.; Garin, E.; Rolland, Y.; Archambeaud, I.; Eugene, T.; Frampas, E.; Cassinotto, C.; Guyot, M.; Hiriart, J-B.; Lapuyade, B.; Vergniol, J.; Bachellier, P.; Detour, J.; Duclos, B.; Greget, M.; Habersetzer, F.; Imperiale, A.; Merle, P.; Rode, A.; Morvan, J.; Nguyen-Khac, E.; Yzet, T.; Baudin, G.; Chevallier, P.; Mahamat, A.; Piche, T.; Razzouk, M.; Hillon, P.; Loffroy, R.; Toubeau, M.; Vincent, J.; Barabino, G.; Bouarioua, N.; Cuilleron, M.; Ecochard, M.; Prevot-Bitot, N.; Leroy, V.; Roux, J.; Sengel, C.; Bourcier, V.; Ganne-Carrie, N.; Seror, O.; Costo, S.; Dao, T.; Pelage, J-P.; Dumortier, J.; Giammarile, F.; Valette, P-J.; Ghazzar, N.; Pellerin, O.; Taieb, J.; Weinmann, P.; Heurgue-Berlot, A.; Marcus, C.; Sommacale, D.; Castilla-Lièvre, M-A.; Maitre, S.; Marthey, L. Efficacy and safety of selective internal radiotherapy with yttrium-90 resin microspheres compared with sorafenib in locally advanced and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (SARAH): An open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol., 2017, 18(12), 1624-1636.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30683-6] [PMID: 29107679]
[19]
Chen, E.J.; Safwan Selvam, H.S.; Tan, T.H.; Chew, M.T. Quantitative analysis of xQuant reconstruction algorithm in SPECT/CT. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2021, 188, 109683.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109683]
[20]
Bolch, W.E.; Bouchet, L.G.; Robertson, J.S.; Wessels, B.W.; Siegel, J.A.; Howell, R.W.; Erdi, A.K.; Aydogan, B.; Costes, S.; Watson, E.E.; Brill, A.B.; Charkes, N.D.; Fisher, D.R.; Hays, M.T.; Thomas, S.R. MIRD pamphlet No. 17: the dosimetry of nonuniform activity distributions-radionuclide S values at the voxel level. J. Nucl. Med., 1999, 40(1), 11S-36S.
[PMID: 9935083]
[21]
Capotosti, A.; Moretti, R.; Milano, A.; Nardini, M.; Cusumano, D.; Annunziata, S.; Capogni, M.; D’Arienzo, M.; Placidi, L.; Indovina, L. Up-to-Date optimization of the 90Y-PET/CT reconstruction protocol for volumetric quantification in Trans-Arterial RadioEmbolization (TARE) procedures in the era of theranostics. Appl. Sci., 2022, 12(17), 8418.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178418]
[22]
Llovet, J.M.; Lencioni, R. mRECIST for HCC: Performance and novel refinements. J. Hepatol., 2020, 72(2), 288-306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.026] [PMID: 31954493]
[23]
Giannini, E.; Botta, F.; Testa, E.; Romagnoli, P.; Polegato, S.; Malfatti, F.; Fumagalli, A.; Chiarbonello, B.; Risso, D.; Testa, R. The 1-year and 3-month prognostic utility of the AST/ALT ratio and model for end-stage liver disease score in patients with viral liver cirrhosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2002, 97(11), 2855-2860.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.07053.x] [PMID: 12425560]
[24]
Dunfee, B.L.; Riaz, A.; Lewandowski, R.J.; Ibrahim, S.; Mulcahy, M.F.; Ryu, R.K.; Atassi, B.; Sato, K.T.; Newman, S.; Omary, R.A.; Benson, A., III; Salem, R. Yttrium-90 radioembolization for liver malignancies: Prognostic factors associated with survival. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol., 2010, 21(1), 90-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2009.09.011] [PMID: 19939705]
[25]
Gui, B.; Weiner, A.A.; Nosher, J.; Lu, S.E.; Foltz, G.M.; Hasan, O.; Kim, S.K.; Gendel, V.; Mani, N.B.; Carpizo, D.R.; Saad, N.E.; Kennedy, T.J.; Zuckerman, D.A.; Olsen, J.R.; Parikh, P.J.; Jabbour, S.K. Assessment of the Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) grade as a prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radioembolization. Am. J. Clin. Oncol., 2018, 41(9), 861-866.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/COC.0000000000000384] [PMID: 28418940]
[26]
Michl, M.; Haug, A.R.; Jakobs, T.F.; Paprottka, P.; Hoffmann, R.T.; Bartenstein, P.; Boeck, S.; Haas, M.; Laubender, R.P.; Heinemann, V. Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 microspheres (SIRT) in pancreatic cancer patients with liver metastases: Efficacy, safety and prognostic factors. Oncology, 2014, 86(1), 24-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000355821] [PMID: 24401529]
[27]
Sangro, B.; Gil-Alzugaray, B.; Rodriguez, J.; Sola, I.; Martinez-Cuesta, A.; Viudez, A.; Chopitea, A.; Iñarrairaegui, M.; Arbizu, J.; Bilbao, J.I. Liver disease induced by radioembolization of liver tumors. Cancer, 2008, 112(7), 1538-1546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23339] [PMID: 18260156]
[28]
Kao, Y.H.; Steinberg, J.D.; Tay, Y.S.; Lim, G.K.Y.; Yan, J.; Townsend, D.W.; Budgeon, C.A.; Boucek, J.A.; Francis, R.J.; Cheo, T.S.T.; Burgmans, M.C.; Irani, F.G.; Lo, R.H.G.; Tay, K.H.; Tan, B.S.; Chow, P.K.H.; Satchithanantham, S.; Tan, A.E.H.; Ng, D.C.E.; Goh, A.S.W. Post-radioembolization yttrium-90 PET/CT-part 2: Dose-response and tumor predictive dosimetry for resin microspheres. EJNMMI Res., 2013, 3(1), 57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2191-219X-3-57] [PMID: 23885971]
[29]
Chan, K.T.; Alessio, A.M.; Johnson, G.E.; Vaidya, S.; Kwan, S.W.; Monsky, W.; Wilson, A.E.; Lewis, D.H.; Padia, S.A. Prospective trial using internal pair-production positron emission tomography to establish the Yttrium-90 radioembolization dose required for response of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 2018, 101(2), 358-365.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.116] [PMID: 29559288]
[30]
Romanò, C.; Mazzaglia, S.; Maccauro, M.; Spreafico, C.; Gabutti, A.; Maffi, G.; Morosi, C.; Cascella, T.; Mira, M.; De Nile, M.C.; Aliberti, G.; Argiroffi, G.; Fuoco, V.; Bhoori, S.; Zanette, C.; Marchianò, A.; Seregni, E.; Mazzaferro, V.; Chiesa, C. Radioembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with 90Y glass microspheres: No advantage of voxel dosimetry with respect to mean dose in dose–response analysis with two radiological methods. Cancers, 2022, 14(4), 959.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040959] [PMID: 35205712]
[31]
Nodari, G.; Popoff, R.; Riedinger, J.M.; Lopez, O.; Pellegrinelli, J.; Dygai-Cochet, I.; Tabouret-Viaud, C.; Presles, B.; Chevallier, O.; Gehin, S.; Gallet, M.; Latournerie, M.; Manfredi, S.; Loffroy, R.; Vrigneaud, J.M.; Cochet, A. Impact of contouring methods on pre-treatment and post-treatment dosimetry for the prediction of tumor control and survival in HCC patients treated with selective internal radiation therapy. EJNMMI Res., 2021, 11(1), 24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-021-00766-x] [PMID: 33687596]
[32]
Annunziata, S.; Treglia, G.; Caldarella, C.; Galiandro, F. The role of 18F-FDG-PET and PET/CT in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing selective internal radiation therapy with Yttrium-90: A first evidence-based review. Sci. World J., 2014, 2014, 879469.
[33]
Smits, M.L.J.; Elschot, M.; Sze, D.Y.; Kao, Y.H.; Nijsen, J.F.W.; Iagaru, A.H.; de Jong, H.W.A.M.; van den Bosch, M.A.A.J.; Lam, M.G.E.H. Radioembolization dosimetry: The road ahead. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol., 2015, 38(2), 261-269.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-014-1042-7] [PMID: 25537310]
[34]
Schiller, E.; Bergmann, R.; Pietzsch, J.; Noll, B.; Sterger, A.; Johannsen, B.; Wunderlich, G.; Pietzsch, H.J. Yttrium-86-labelled human serum albumin microspheres: Relation of surface structure with in vivo stability. Nucl. Med. Biol., 2008, 35(2), 227-232.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.10.008] [PMID: 18312833]